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Die Größe der Kleinen in der EU

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  • Fritz Breuss

Abstract

In den frühen 1970er-Jahren kritisierte E.F. Schumacher die westlichen Industrieländer angesichts der aufkommenden Globalisierungstendenzen mit dem von Leopold Kohr geprägten Slogan "Small is beautiful". Im Zusammenhang mit der voranschreitenden EU-Erweiterung stellt sich die Frage, wieweit Klein immer noch schön ist. Der Binnenmarkt verspricht die größten Integrationsgewinne durch die Nutzung von Economies-of-Scale. Gemäß der Integrationstheorie würden große Volkswirtschaften (mit ihren größeren Unternehmen) mehr von der Vertiefung der europäischen Integration profitieren als kleine. Ist die Größe der Volkswirtschaften aber innerhalb der EU wirklich von Bedeutung? Bestand die ursprüngliche EU 6 aus Ländern gleicher Größe, so ist die EU 28 heute sehr ungleichgewichtig: 7 großen und mittelgroßen Ländern stehen 21 kleine gegenüber. Während in der Politik nach wie vor die großen Länder (auch im Rat) das Sagen haben, inbesondere aufgrund der historischen Achse Berlin–Paris, ist das Bild vom wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt gemischt and entspricht weitgehend der Einschätzung von Rose (2006) auf der Suche nach einem "national scale effect". Auch für die EU-Länder gilt, dass es auf die Größe nicht ankommt. Kleine Volkswirtschaften sind offener gegenüber dem Außenhandel als große (und sollten daher vom freien Zugang zum Binnenmarkt mehr profitieren), aber unterscheiden sich darüber hinaus nicht systematisch. Größe macht nicht reicht. Die Wachstumsperformance hängt nicht von der Landesgröße ab, sondern vom Untersuchungszeitraum und der Integrationsphase.

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  • Fritz Breuss, 2013. "Die Größe der Kleinen in der EU," WIFO Working Papers 452, WIFO.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2013:i:452
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    Bevölkerung Integration Größe Panel Cross-section;

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