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The Dynamics of Referral Hiring and Racial Inequality: Evidence from Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Conrad Miller

    (University of California-Berkeley and NBER)

  • Ian Schmutte

    (University of Georgia)

Abstract

We study how referral hiring contributes to racial inequality in firm-level labor demand over the firm’s life cycle using data from Brazil. We consider a search model where referral networks are segregated, firms are more informed about the match quality of referred candidates, and some referrals are made by nonreferred employees. Consistent with the model, we find that firms are more likely to hire candidates and less likely to dismiss employees of the same race as the founder, but these differences diminish as firms’ cumulative hires increase. Referral hiring helps to explain racial differences in dismissals, seniority, and employer size.

Suggested Citation

  • Conrad Miller & Ian Schmutte, 2021. "The Dynamics of Referral Hiring and Racial Inequality: Evidence from Brazil," Upjohn Working Papers 21-352, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:upj:weupjo:21-352
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    File URL: https://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1371&context=up_workingpapers
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    Cited by:

    1. Janet Gao & Wenting Ma & Qiping Xu, 2023. "Access to Financing and Racial Pay Gap Inside Firms," Working Papers 23-36, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    2. Aliprantis, Dionissi & Martin, Hal & Tauber, Kristen, 2024. "What determines the success of housing mobility programs?," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    3. Jeronimo Carballo & Richard Mansfield & Charles Adam Pfander, 2024. "U.S. Worker Mobility Across Establishments within Firms: Scope, Prevalence, and Effects on Worker Earnings," Working Papers 24-24, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    4. Chiplunkar, Gaurav & Kelley, Erin & Lane, Gregory, 2024. "Competitive Job Seekers: When Sharing Less Leaves Firms at a Loss," IZA Discussion Papers 16840, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    referral hiring; search model; match quality; racial differences; Brazil;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J42 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
    • J63 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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