Voluntary Savings, Financial Behavior and Pension Finance Literacy: Evidence from Chile

Chileans have limited knowledge of the pension system, its rules and the consequences involved in their personal decisions within it. Using a variation in the household composition- having a pensioner in the household- as an instrument, we show that Chileans with more knowledge about the pension system are more likely to have additional financial savings, but not within the voluntary pension saving plans offered by the pension system. We find that getting one additional answer right in the pension literacy survey (out of six) generates approximately a 50% additional chance that the individual will save at least in one of the surveyed periods, and a 25% percent additional chance that the individual will save in both surveyed periods. We also test for evidence that pension literacy affects worker choices regarding their pension savings (what we call financial gymnastics). We find that more literate workers are more likely to engage in pension fund type switching and that independent workers are more likely to voluntarily enter the pension system as affiliates if they have more pension finance literacy. Getting one additional answer right in the pension literacy survey (out of six) increases in 20% the probability of pension fund type switching and in 30% the probability of voluntary affiliation to the pension system of self- employed workers.