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Gender Socialization during Adolescence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Conceptualization, influences and outcomes

Author

Listed:
  • Neetu A. John
  • Kirsten Stoebenau
  • Samantha Ritter
  • Jeffrey Edmeades
  • Nikola Balvin
  • UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti

Abstract

The rapid changes that take place during adolescence provide opportunities for the development and implementation of policies and programmes, which can influence the gender socialization process, in order to maximize positive outcomes. This paper sets out to provide a conceptual understanding of the gender socialization process during adolescence, its influences and outcomes, and practical suggestions on how to use this knowledge in the design of policies and programmes to improve gender equality. First, theoretical contributions from psychology, sociology and biology were reviewed to situate the gender socialization process during adolescence in a broader context of multi-level influences. Second, a socio-ecological framework was introduced to bring together the main factors that influence the gender socialization process and its outcomes. Third, knowledge on how to influence the gender socialization process and its outcomes was summarized in order to provide practical recommendations for policies and programmes. This included: a) reviewing changes in demographics, the global media and gendered economic opportunities, to understand how the gender socialization process, gender norms and identities have been transformed at the macro level; and b) conducting a literature review of small-scale programmes designed to impact the gender socialization process. The paper concludes with recommendations for more holistic policy and programming efforts around gender socialization in adolescence.

Suggested Citation

  • Neetu A. John & Kirsten Stoebenau & Samantha Ritter & Jeffrey Edmeades & Nikola Balvin & UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, 2017. "Gender Socialization during Adolescence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Conceptualization, influences and outcomes," Papers indipa885, Innocenti Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucf:indipa:indipa885
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. María Dolores Martínez-Marín & Carmen Martínez, 2019. "Negative and Positive Attributes of Gender Stereotypes and Gender Self-Attributions: A Study with Spanish Adolescents," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(3), pages 1043-1063, June.

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