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Politiques pro-biocarburants et climatique américaines : impact sur les choix énergétiques du Brésil et des Etats-Unis et bilan carbone

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  • Chakravorty, Ujjayant
  • Hubert, Marie-Hélène
  • Moreaux, Michel

Abstract

Nous analysons l’impact de deux politiques américaines sur la production et les échanges d’éthanol (biocarburants de première génération) et d’éthanol ligno-cellulosique (biocarburant de seconde génération) aux Etats-Unis et au Brésil ainsi que sur les émissions directes et indirectes de carbone. La première politique est une politique dite «pro-biocarburants» qui impose un usage minimal de biocarburants. La deuxième est la politique climatique de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Notre étude montre que la première politique encourage la production massive d’éthanol ligno-cellulosique, la diminution des émissions directes de carbone étant marginale. La deuxième politique accroît le prix des carburants et en décourage la demande. Elle a un effet significatif sur le taux de déforestation au Brésil et augmente de ce fait les émissions indirectes de carbone. La subvention nécessaire à l’implémentation de la politique «pro-biocarburants» devrait être de l’ordre 1.1 US $ par gallon. Enfin, la taxe sur le carbone dans le secteur des transports aux Etats-Unis devrait être égale à 120 US $ par tonne équivalent carbone.

Suggested Citation

  • Chakravorty, Ujjayant & Hubert, Marie-Hélène & Moreaux, Michel, 2009. "Politiques pro-biocarburants et climatique américaines : impact sur les choix énergétiques du Brésil et des Etats-Unis et bilan carbone," TSE Working Papers 09-105, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    • Handle: RePEc:tse:wpaper:21958
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q24 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Land
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy

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