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Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions: On Revealed Comparative Advantage And Merger Waves

Author

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  • Steven Brakman

    (University of Groningen)

  • Harry Garretsen

    (Utrecht University)

  • Charles van Marrewijk

    (Erasmus University Rotterdam)

Abstract

By combining two large data sets (on international trade flows and cross-border mergers and acquisitions – M&As), we test two implications of Neary’s (2003, 2007) general oligopolistic equilibrium (GOLE) model (incorporating strategic interaction between firms in a general equilibrium setting). In terms of economic importance, the dominant merger wave variable is a positive global-all effect, indicating that M&A waves are an economy-wide, global phenomenon. Country-specific merger wave variables are of secundary importance. In accordance with the bilateral GOLE model as specified by Neary, we find strong evidence that acquiring firms operate in strong sectors. However, we also find (less pronounced) evidence that target firms are active in strong, not weak sectors, which we label the ‘target paradox’. We show how a multi-country extension of the GOLE model that allows for firm heterogeneity can explain this target paradox.

Suggested Citation

  • Steven Brakman & Harry Garretsen & Charles van Marrewijk, 2007. "Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions: On Revealed Comparative Advantage And Merger Waves," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 08-013/2, Tinbergen Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:tin:wpaper:20080013
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    2. Altunbaş, Yener & Khan, Atiqur & Thornton, John, 2023. "Do M&As impact firm carbon intensity?11The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the institutions with which they are affiliated.," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    3. Neary, J. Peter, 2009. "Trade costs and foreign direct investment," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 207-218, March.
    4. Ray Chaudhuri, A., 2008. "A Dynamic Model of Endogenous Mergers and Trade Liberalization," Other publications TiSEM c5b9dd83-55cf-4bc9-9a58-f, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    5. Ray Chaudhuri, A. & Benchekroun, H., 2008. "Welfare Effect of Mergers and Trade Liberalization," Discussion Paper 2008-009, Tilburg University, Tilburg Law and Economic Center.
    6. Laurent Frésard & Ulrich Hege & Gordon Phillips, 2017. "Extending Industry Specialization through Cross-Border Acquisitions," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(5), pages 1539-1582.
    7. Nicolas Coeurdacier & Roberto A. De Santis & Antonin Aviat, 2009. "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions and European integration [‘Capital flows in a globalised world: The role of policies and institutions’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 24(57), pages 56-106.
    8. Colacicco, Rudy, 2012. "Strategic Trade Policy in General Oligopolistic Equilibrium," MPRA Paper 38118, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Steven Brakman & Harry Garretsen & Charles van Marrewijk & Charles van Marrewijk, 2006. "Cross-Border Mergers & Acquisitions: The Facts as a Guide for International Economics," CESifo Working Paper Series 1823, CESifo.
    10. Amrita Ray Chaudhuri & Hassan Benchekroun, 2012. "Welfare Effect of Mergers and Multilateral Trade Liberalization," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 119-133, February.
    11. Maria Cipollina & Filomena Pietrovito & Alberto Franco Pozzolo, 2021. "Do cross‐border mergers and acquisitions reflect participations into global value chains?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(11), pages 3168-3201, November.
    12. Rudy Colacicco, 2015. "Ten Years Of General Oligopolistic Equilibrium: A Survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(5), pages 965-992, December.
    13. Maria Cipollina & Filomena Pietrovito & Alberto Franco Pozzolo, 2020. "Does the participation to global value chains impact on cross-border mergers and acquisitions?," Development Working Papers 459, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano.
    14. Amrita Ray Chaudhuri, 2014. "Cross-Border Mergers and Market Segmentation," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(2), pages 229-257, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Comparative Advantage; Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions; Merger Waves; General Oligopolistic Equilibrium Trade Model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

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