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Estimating historical inequality from social tables: Towards Methodological Consistency

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  • Dieter von Fintel

    (Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University)

  • Calumet Links

    (Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University)

  • Erik Green

Abstract

Research on long-term historical inequality has expanded to include previously neglected periods and societies, particularly in the global South. This is partly due to the resurgence of the social tables method in economic history, an approach which uses archival records to reconstruct income and wealth distributions in contexts where micro data is unavailable. This method can cause a downward bias in estimating inequality, but there is limited evidence of this bias in economic history. We collected a new data set of 108 historical social tables spanning over a 1000 years. We found that the compilers consistently made careful methodological choices that took data limitations into account. We found that the inequality estimates are not systematically related to the number of classes chosen or the size of the top class, but that choosing bottom classes that bundle together even small variations in income or wealth can introduce a downward bias to the inequality estimates. This drawback can be overcome by using methodological cohesion to mitigate the problem of limited information about the poorest classes in colonial archives.

Suggested Citation

  • Dieter von Fintel & Calumet Links & Erik Green, 2023. "Estimating historical inequality from social tables: Towards Methodological Consistency," Working Papers 01/2023, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:sza:wpaper:wpapers377
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Milanovic, Branko, 2024. "The three eras of global inequality, 1820–2020 with the focus on the past thirty years," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Social tables; Gini; inequality; pre-industrial; grouped data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N30 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - General, International, or Comparative
    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C18 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Methodolical Issues: General

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