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Réactions à la libéralisation des échanges : changements observés au niveau de la diversification des produits dans les usines sous contrôle étranger et canadien

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  • Baldwin, John R. Caves, Richard Gu, Wulong

Abstract

La présente étude porte sur les avantages qu'un pays qui conclut un accord commercial régional, particulièrement un petit pays, peut s'attendre à tirer de l'exploitation d'économies d'échelle. Notre étude porte sur l'expérience du Canada lors de son adhésion à l'Accord de libre échange entre le Canada et les États-Unis (ALE) au début des années 90. Nous constatons une augmentation générale du rythme de spécialisation des produits au niveau des usines à l'époque de l'entrée en vigueur de l'Accord de libre échange. La diversification de la production était alors plus élevée dans les usines plus grandes et dans les industries ayant des actifs associés à des économies de gamme. La diversification était plus élevée également dans les industries dans lesquelles les taux de protection tarifaire étaient plus élevés. Au cours des années 80 et 90, la diversification des usines a diminué au fur et à mesure des réductions des tarifs américains et canadiens. La baisse a été plus marquée durant la période qui a suivi l'entrée en vigueur de l'ALE, ce qui donne à penser que ce traité a eu des répercussions au delà de celles des réductions tarifaires qui y étaient associées. Nous avons conclu également que les usines sous contrôle étranger avaient tendance à s'adapter davantage tout au long de la période étudiée.

Suggested Citation

  • Baldwin, John R. Caves, Richard Gu, Wulong, 2005. "Réactions à la libéralisation des échanges : changements observés au niveau de la diversification des produits dans les usines sous contrôle étranger et canadien," Série de documents de recherche sur l'analyse économique (AE) 2005031f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp5f:2005031f
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