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Differences dans les strategies et le rendement de divers types d'innovateurs

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  • Johnson, Joanne
  • Baldwin, John R.

Abstract

Le present document traite ici des strategies et des competences des petites et moyennes entreprises a partir des reponses a l'Enquete sur la croissance des petites et moyennes entreprises, menee par Statistique Canada. Dans le document, nous classons les petites et moyennes entreprises selon le type d'innovateur et nous explorons les strategies complementaires adoptees par chaque type d'innovateur dans les domaines de la gestion, de la commercialisation, des ressources humaines et du financement, de meme que le succes de chaque type d'innovateur. Une taxonomie des types d'innovation est elaboree en fonction de l'orientation de l'entreprise quant au developpement de produits ou de procedes. Nous examinons les differentes competences que possedent les entreprises de chaque groupe dans le domaine des ressources humaines, de la gestion, de la commercialisation et du financement. Les entreprises sont classees en quatre groupes-innovateurs en produits, innovateurs complets (produits et procedes), innovateurs en procedes ou non-innovateurs-selon leurs reponses aux 22 questions de l'enquete liees a l'innovation. Ces groupes correspondent a differents stades du cycle de vie des produits. Au premier stade, les innovateurs en produits s'occupent de mettre au point de nouveaux produits. Les innovateurs complets representent le deuxieme stade quand la demande d'un produit continue d'augmenter et que les entreprises en plus de produire de nouveaux produits ont commence a relever considerablement l'efficience de leurs productions, en se concentrant a la fois sur les innovations en procedes et sur les innovations en produits. Les innovateurs en procedes dominent au troisieme stade du cycle de vie des produits quand les caracteristiques des produits sont fixees et que les entreprises cherchent a ameliorer leur part du marche principalement en relevant l'efficience de leurs productions. Enfin, au dernier stade, c'est l'etape de la maturite sur le plan de la technologie de la production ou l'on trouve une gamme de produits relativement stable. Les competences des entreprises different selon les types d'innovation. Les innovateurs complets ont tendance a acquerir des competences superieures a celles des autres innovateurs dans une vaste gamme de domaines. Par ailleurs, les innovateurs complets l'emportent generalement sur les autres entrepreneurs pour ce qui est de leurs chiffres d'affaires, de leur part de marche et de leur main-d'oeuvre. En outre, les innovateurs adaptent leur strategie financiere a leur type d'innovation. Les innovateurs en produits se concentrent sur une strategie de faible rapport emprunts-actifs et de sources novatrices du financement comme le capital de risque. Dans les derniers stades du cycle de vie de l'innovation, les innovateurs complets et les innovateurs en procedes se concentrent sur un rapport emprunts-actif eleve et recourent abondamment aux dettes a long terme et aux capitaux propres.

Suggested Citation

  • Johnson, Joanne & Baldwin, John R., 1998. "Differences dans les strategies et le rendement de divers types d'innovateurs," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 1997102f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp3f:1997102f
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    File URL: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/fr/catalogue/11F0019M1997102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Baldwin,John R. & Gorecki,Paul With contributions by-Name:Caves,Richard E. With contributions by-Name:Dunne,Tim With contributions by-Name:Haltiwanger,John, 1998. "The Dynamics of Industrial Competition," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521633574, January.
      • Baldwin,John R. & Gorecki,Paul With contributions by-Name:Caves,Richard E. With contributions by-Name:Dunne,Tim With contributions by-Name:Haltiwanger,John, 1995. "The Dynamics of Industrial Competition," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521465618, January.
    2. Baldwin, John R. & Johnson, Joanne, 1996. "Business strategies in more- and less-innovative firms in Canada," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 785-804, August.
    3. Klepper, Steven, 1996. "Entry, Exit, Growth, and Innovation over the Product Life Cycle," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(3), pages 562-583, June.
    4. Johnson, Joanne & Baldwin, John R., 1995. "Business Strategies in Innovative and Non-innovative Firms in Canada," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 1995073e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
    5. Alex Miller, 1988. "A taxonomy of technological settings, with related strategies and performance levels," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 239-254, May.
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