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Dispute Settlement in the WTO. Mind over Matter

Author

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  • Petros C. Mavroidis

Abstract

The basic point I advocate in this paper is that the WTO Dispute Settlement System aims to curb unilateralism. No sanctions can be imposed, unless if the arbitration process is through, the purpose of which is to ensure that reciprocal commitments entered should not be unilaterally undone through the commission of illegalities. There are good reasons though, to doubt whether practice guarantees full reciprocity. The insistence on calculating remedies prospectively, and not as of the date when an illegality has been committed, and the ensuing losses for everybody that could or could not be symmetric, lend support to the claim that the WTO regime serves ‘diffuse’ as opposed to ‘specific’ reciprocity. Still, WTO Members continue to routinely submit their disputes to the WTO adjudicating fora, showing through their behaviour that they would rather live in a world where punishment is curbed, than in world where punishment acts as deterrent since full reciprocity would be always guaranteed.

Suggested Citation

  • Petros C. Mavroidis, 2016. "Dispute Settlement in the WTO. Mind over Matter," RSCAS Working Papers 2016/04, European University Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:rsc:rsceui:2016/04
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Henrik Horn & Petros C. Mavroidis & André Sapir, 2010. "Beyond the WTO? An Anatomy of EU and US Preferential Trade Agreements," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(11), pages 1565-1588, November.
    2. Anderson, Kym, 2002. "Peculiarities of retaliation in WTO dispute settlement," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(2), pages 123-134, July.
    3. Nordström, Håkan & Shaffer, Gregory, 2008. "Access to justice in the World Trade Organization: a case for a small claims procedure?," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(4), pages 587-640, October.
    4. Giovanni Maggi & Robert W. Staiger, 2011. "The Role of Dispute Settlement Procedures in International Trade Agreements," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 126(1), pages 475-515.
    5. Henrik Horn & Giovanni Maggi & Robert W. Staiger, 2010. "Trade Agreements as Endogenously Incomplete Contracts," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(1), pages 394-419, March.
    6. Chad P. Bown, 2002. "The Economics of Trade Disputes, the GATT’s Article XXIII, and the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(3), pages 283-323, November.
    7. Beshkar, Mostafa, 2010. "Optimal remedies in international trade agreements," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(3), pages 455-466, April.
    8. Chad P. Bown & Kara M. Reynolds, 2017. "Trade Agreements and Enforcement: Evidence from WTO Dispute Settlement," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 64-100, November.
    9. Bown,Chad P. & Pauwelyn,Joost (ed.), 2014. "The Law, Economics and Politics of Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107655355, November.
    10. Pauwelyn,Joost, 2003. "Conflict of Norms in Public International Law," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521824880, November.
    11. Henrik Horn & Petros C. Mavroidis, 2007. "International trade: dispute settlement," Chapters, in: Andrew T. Guzman & Alan O. Sykes (ed.), Research Handbook in International Economic Law, chapter 5, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    12. Bernard M. Hoekman & Petros C. Mavroidis, 2000. "WTO Dispute Settlement, Transparency and Surveillance," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(4), pages 527-542, April.
    13. Chase, Claude & Yanovich, Alan & Crawford, Jo-Ann & Ugaz, Pamela, 2013. "Mapping of dispute settlement mechanisms in regional trade agreements: Innovative or variations on a theme?," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2013-07, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    14. Blonigen, Bruce A. & Bown, Chad P., 2003. "Antidumping and retaliation threats," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2), pages 249-273, August.
    15. Collins-Williams, Terry & Wolfe, Robert, 2010. "Transparency as a trade policy tool: the WTO's cloudy windows," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(4), pages 551-581, October.
    16. Chad P. Bown, 2004. "On the Economic Success of GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 86(3), pages 811-823, August.
    17. repec:bla:worlde:v:23:y:2000:i:04:p:527-542 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Schwartz, Warren F & Sykes, Alan O, 2002. "The Economic Structure of Renegotiation and Dispute Resolution in the World Trade Organization," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 31(1), pages 179-204, January.
    19. Wilfred Ethier, 2004. "Intellectual Property Rights And Dispute Settlement In The World Trade Organization," Journal of International Economic Law, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(2), pages 449-457, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Louise Johannesson & Petros C. Mavroidis, 2016. "The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995-2016: A Data Set and its Descriptive Statistics," RSCAS Working Papers 2016/72, European University Institute.
    2. Fiorini, Matteo & Mavroidis, Petros C. & Saluste, Maarja & Wolfe, Robert, 2020. "WTO Dispute Settlement and the Appellate Body: Insider perceptions and Members’ revealed preferences," CEPR Discussion Papers 14834, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Mavroidis, Petros C. & Meagher, Niall & Prusa, Thomas J. & Yanguas, Tatiana, 2017. "Ask for the Moon, Settle for the Stars: What is a Reasonable Period to Comply with WTO Awards?," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 395-425, April.
    4. Mei, Yuan, 2020. "Sustainable cooperation in international trade: A quantitative analysis," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    5. Barbara Dluhosch & Daniel Horgos, 2024. "Clubbing in trade policies: How much a threat to the multilateral constitution?," Constitutional Political Economy, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 461-481, December.
    6. Johannesson, Louise & Mavroidis, Petros C., 2017. "The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995-2015: A Data Set and its Descriptive Statistics," Working Paper Series 1148, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    7. Matteo Fiorini & Bernard Hoekman & Petros Mavroidis, Maarja Saluste and Robert Wolfe, 2019. "WTO Dispute Settlement and the Appellate Body Crisis: Insider Perceptions and Members’ Revealed Preferences," RSCAS Working Papers 2019/95, European University Institute.
    8. Bown, Chad P. & Keynes, Soumaya, 2020. "Why Trump shot the Sheriffs: The end of WTO dispute settlement 1.0," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 799-819.
    9. Sheldon, Ian & Chow, Daniel C.K., 2024. "The Future of Dispute Resolution in International (Agricultural) Trade," 2024 Annual Meeting, July 28-30, New Orleans, LA 345095, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    WTO; DISPUTE SETTLEMENT; DIFFUSE RECIPROCITY;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K40 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - General

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