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What Determines the Adaptation of Enterprises to COVID-19 in CAREC Member Countries: Empirical Evidence from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia

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  • Aseinov, Dastan

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Sulaimanova, Burulcha

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Karymshakov, Kamalbek

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

  • Azhgaliyeva, Dina

    (Asian Development Bank Institute)

Abstract

We investigate the factors affecting firms’ ability to adjust production in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. We used firm-level survey data from the enterprise survey implemented by the World Bank Group, including a standard enterprise survey (baseline) and two waves of follow-up surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021, which included questions related to COVID-19 and firm behavior during the pandemic. We used data from four CAREC member countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. Using a probit model, we studied how different factors, including firm characteristics and government policy, affected the probability that a firm would be able to adjust its activities to the changed conditions. The results showed that firms which successfully adapted to the COVID-19 crisis were younger, foreign firms that had been innovative in the recent past, with female managers, a formal firm strategy with key performance indicators, and their own website.

Suggested Citation

  • Aseinov, Dastan & Sulaimanova, Burulcha & Karymshakov, Kamalbek & Azhgaliyeva, Dina, 2022. "What Determines the Adaptation of Enterprises to COVID-19 in CAREC Member Countries: Empirical Evidence from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia," ADBI Working Papers 1299, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Didier, Tatiana & Huneeus, Federico & Larrain, Mauricio & Schmukler, Sergio L., 2021. "Financing firms in hibernation during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
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    5. Shinozaki, Shigehiro & Rao, Lakshman N., 2021. "COVID-19 Impact on Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises under the Lockdown: Evidence from a Rapid Survey in the Philippines," ADBI Working Papers 1216, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    6. Takeda, Asami & Truong, Hoa T. & Sonobe, Tetsushi, 2022. "The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium enterprises in Asia and their digitalization responses," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Yoshino, Naoyuki & Siregar, Tifani Husna & Agarwal, Deepanshu & Seetha Ram, KE & Azhgaliyeva, Dina, 2022. "An Empirical Evidence and Proposal on the Spillover Effects of Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure in India," ADBI Working Papers 1330, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    2. Karymshakov, Kamalbek & Azhgaliyeva, Dina & Mishra, Ranjeeta & Aseinov, Dastan, 2022. "Evaluating COVID-19’s Impact on Firm Performance in the CAREC Region Using Night-Time Light Data: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia," ADBI Working Papers 1332, Asian Development Bank Institute.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; micro; MSMEs; digitalization; adaptation; Central Asia; Caucasus;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • J63 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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