أثر التغيرات الهيكلية في قطاع الصناعة التحويلية على اتجاهات الإنتاجية والتشغيل في الاقتصاد العراقي[The impact of structural changes in industrial manufacturing sector on productivity and employment trends in the Iraqi economy]

the three dimensions of value-added, employment, labour productivity, Represent the most important vector defining the nature of sectoral development in terms of the rate and content and mode, in this scope the industrial manufacturing sector progression to other productive activities for a sector of higher productivity, investment in this sector ensuring a structural shift and create many job opportunities that absorb surplus agricultural labour along with the natural increase in the labour force, to increase the flexibility of the sector about the changes in each of the relative contributions of labour and capital; productivity, which increases the rate of overlap between changes taking place in three dimensions mentioned whenever the growing role This sector in the national economy, and can be seen when comparing the prevailing event in both developed and developing economies. Based on these facts, this study has demonstrated that the industrial manufacturing sector in Iraq have failed at the level of branches and patterns and productive scales , in the provision of adequate opportunities for productive employment increases achieved in the labour force (natural and derived from the agricultural sector) and this was due to the relative inflexible Manufacturing activities are productive and technological content in high absorb workers, particularly chemical and oil industries, which dominate the major contributing added value achieved in this sector, as well as the relative decline in the rates of absorption of the activities with high employment flexibility (light manufacturing activities) in connection with the growing trend patterns towards intensive capital, enhance the imbalance in the labour market between the qualifications and conditions required before the one hand, and a non- proportionality structure professional work and got between the high productivity and low productivity activities on the other, non-interaction of the branches the patterns of industrial manufacturing sector and torn between two separated limb , first petroleum industry intensive capital and enhanced export, which is linked to international market conditions, and secondly, include assembly Industries and other consumer industries and import substitutes, which linkages with foreign inputs sources ,and the almost total absence of the active role of intermediate and capital industries, especially in industries and means of production, has weakened the ability of the manufacturing activities based on the creation of productive linkages or deepened within the productive potential of local, and that any positive change can happen in employment drop rapidly due to the loss or weakness of the existing workshops, and the surpluses generated by increased productivity, not supplying local production capacities Capacity better, but working to support consumer demand and speculation unproductive. Thus, the imbalance structural conditions in the industrial sector at the level of branches and patterns in this sector ,We Calls for non continuation in industrial expansion based on repetition and duplication, and attention instead to develop designs to distribution industries, according to activities and spot and regulations, and patterns, provided that this is a disclosure of the potential abilities to deepen the linkages for productivity and spots., in this regard, we suggest that industrial base is being built around a number of key core seen industrial compounds, based on Integrated technological links horizontally and vertically.