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Explaining Spousal Physical Violence through Dimensions of Women Empowerment: Evidence from Pakistan

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  • Jamal, Haroon

Abstract

This research investigates whether women's empowerment, defined alternatively protects women against spousal physical violence. Nationally representative data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13 is used to quantify the nature and direction of relationship between dimensions of women’s empowerment and the incidence of spousal violence in the context of Pakistan. The empowerment aspects which are considered in this study include; education, labor force participation, involvement in household decision, mobility, women's rejection of unequal gender roles, asset ownership and access to information. Major findings suggest that empowerment dimensions with significant protective relationship with the incidence of spousal physical violence include; mobility, not accepting unequal gender role, land ownership, house ownership and employment. In contrast, the coefficients associated with wife educational attainment (secondary or higher) and reading newspaper habit are also inversely correlated with the IPV but statistically insignificant. The study also found that empowerment dimensions which may increase the risk of violence due to intra-household discontents or conflicts include; women involvement in household decision, daily TV watching and wife’s higher educational attainment relative to husband. Socioeconomic characteristics which appear to be protective against IPV include; household wealth, wife age at marriage and husband’s secondary or higher educational attainment.

Suggested Citation

  • Jamal, Haroon, 2017. "Explaining Spousal Physical Violence through Dimensions of Women Empowerment: Evidence from Pakistan," MPRA Paper 83414, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:83414
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83414/1/MPRA_paper_83414.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Mukesh Eswaran & Nisha Malhotra, 2011. "Domestic violence and women's autonomy in developing countries: theory and evidence," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(4), pages 1222-1263, November.
    4. Ly Phan, 2016. "Measuring Women’s Empowerment at Household Level Using DHS Data of Four Southeast Asian Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 126(1), pages 359-378, March.
    5. Mohammad Mokammel Karim Toufique & Mohammad A. Razzaque, 2007. "Domestic Violence Against Women: Its Determinants and Implications for Gender Resource Allocation," WIDER Working Paper Series RP2007-80, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    6. S. Quimbo & X. Javier, 2013. "Does economic empowerment protect women against domestic violence? Evidence from the Philippines," UP School of Economics Discussion Papers 201305, University of the Philippines School of Economics.
    7. Cruz Caridad Bueno & Errol A. Henderson, 2017. "Bargaining or Backlash? Evidence on Intimate Partner Violence from the Dominican Republic," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(4), pages 90-116, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vedika Inamdar & Anirudh Tagat & Aneree Parekh, 2023. "The Effect of Women’s Empowerment on Intimate Partner Violence and Child Nutrition Outcomes in India, Nepal, and Pakistan," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 18(1), pages 44-69, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Women’s Empowerment; Spousal Physical Violence; Pakistan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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