IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/56991.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

A Note on "Crowding Out" in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Cebula, Richard
  • Cebula, Barbara

Abstract

This study examines the existence of crowding out in the United States by determining to what degree the proportion of actual GNP that was devoted to investment was affected by the proportion of GNP devoted to federal government spending. The empirical results in the regression estimation tentatively indicate that private investment in new capital is in fact crowded out by federal government outlays. Nevertheless, the evidence in this regression indicates also that although crowding out does occur, it is incomplete.

Suggested Citation

  • Cebula, Richard & Cebula, Barbara, 1979. "A Note on "Crowding Out" in the United States," MPRA Paper 56991, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:56991
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56991/1/MPRA_paper_56991.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Benjamin M. Friedman, 1978. "Crowding Out or Crowding In? Economic Consequences of Financing Government Deficits," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 9(3), pages 593-641.
    2. repec:bla:kyklos:v:31:y:1978:i:3:p:424-36 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. John E. Floyd & J. Allan Hynes, 1978. "Deficit Finance and 'First-Round' Crowding Out: A Clarification," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 11(1), pages 97-105, February.
    4. repec:bla:kyklos:v:32:y:1979:i:4:p:813-16 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Benjamin M. Friedman, 1978. "Crowding Out Or Crowding In? The Economic Consequences of Financing Government Deficits," NBER Working Papers 0284, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Anthony Ostrosky, 1979. "An Empirical Analysis Of The ‘Crowding Out’ Effect Of Fiscal Policy In The United States And Canada: Comment And Extensions," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 813-816, November.
    7. Michael W. Keran, 1970. "Monetary and fiscal influences on economic activity : the foreign experience," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 52(Feb), pages 16-28.
    8. Buiter, Willem H., 1977. "`Crowding out' and the effectiveness of fiscal policy," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 309-328, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5221 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/5221 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Girardi, Alessandro, 2013. "Fiscal spillovers in the Euro area," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 84.1-84.16.
    4. Yousha Liang & Kang Shi & Lisheng Wang & Juanyi Xu, 2017. "Local Government Debt and Firm Leverage: Evidence from China," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 12(2), pages 210-232, July.
    5. Eduardo Garzón Espinosa & Bibiana Medialdea García & Esteban Cruz Hidalgo, 2021. "Fiscal Policy Approaches: An Inquiring Look From The Modern Monetary Theory," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(4), pages 999-1022, October.
    6. İbrahim Özmen & Mihai Mutascu, 2024. "Public Debt and Growth: New Insights," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 8706-8736, June.
    7. Pavlina R. Tcherneva, 2008. "The Return of Fiscal Policy: Can the New Developments in the New Economic Consensus Be Reconciled with the Post-Keynesian View?," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_539, Levy Economics Institute.
    8. Alberto Alesina & Roberto Perotti & José Tavares, 1998. "The Political Economy of Fiscal Adjustments," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 29(1), pages 197-266.
    9. Jon Cockerline & John F. Helliwell & Robert Lafrance, 1990. "Multicountry modeling of financial markets," Proceedings, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), pages 305-363.
    10. Benjamin M. Friedman, 2005. "Deficits and Debt in the Short and Long Run," NBER Working Papers 11630, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Deleidi, Matteo & Mazzucato, Mariana & Semieniuk, Gregor, 2020. "Neither crowding in nor out: Public direct investment mobilising private investment into renewable electricity projects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    12. Olivier Blanchard & Jonathan D. Ostry & Atish R. Ghosh & Marcos Chamon, 2017. "Are Capital Inflows Expansionary or Contractionary? Theory, Policy Implications, and Some Evidence," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 65(3), pages 563-585, August.
    13. Yasuo Kofuji, 1984. "On the Efficacy of Fiscal Policy and Price Level Changes," Public Finance Review, , vol. 12(2), pages 167-181, April.
    14. Laura Barbosa de Carvalho, 2012. "Current Account Imbalances and Economic Growth: a two-country model with real-financial linkages," Working Papers 1203, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics.
    15. Demirci, Irem & Huang, Jennifer & Sialm, Clemens, 2019. "Government debt and corporate leverage: International evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(2), pages 337-356.
    16. John Graham & Mark T. Leary & Michael R. Roberts, 2014. "How Does Government Borrowing Affect Corporate Financing and Investment?," NBER Working Papers 20581, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Haldane, Andrew & Roberts-Sklar, Matt & Wieladek, Tomasz & Young, Chris, 2016. "QE: The Story so far," Bank of England working papers 624, Bank of England.
    18. Benjamin M. Friedman, 1985. "Crowding Out or Crowding In? Evidence on Debt-Equity Substitutability," NBER Working Papers 1565, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Willem H. Buiter, 2003. "James Tobin: An Appreciation of his Contribution to Economics," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 113(491), pages 585-631, November.
    20. Alan J. Auerbach, 1990. "Public Sector Dynamics," NBER Working Papers 3508, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    21. G. C. Lim & Stuart S. Kells, 1995. "Portfolio Implications of an Equity Rain in Australia," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 71(4), pages 367-378, December.
    22. Pierre Duguay & Yves Rabeau, 1989. "Les effets macro-économiques de la politique budgétaire : de Keynes à la synthèse néo-classique," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(4), pages 597-620.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    crowding out of investment; government purchases as percent of GDP; partial crowding out;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • E26 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:56991. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.