IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/46833.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

FDI in Retail in India: An Empirical Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Sinha, Pankaj
  • Singhal, Anushree

Abstract

Allowing FDI in multi brand retailing has recently generated tremendous euphoria for some and fear for others. It is based on the notion that it will open floodgates for foreign retailers to invest and will change the retail landscape forever in India. The factors that attracted investment in India are stable economic policies, availability of cheap and quality human resources, and opportunities of new unexplored markets. Besides these factors, there are a number of macroeconomic factors that are expected to affect FDI in retail in India. Using the experiences of four other emerging economies- China, Indonesia, Brazil and Thailand, this research paper examines the relationship between FDI in retail and seven macroeconomic factors - Exchange rate (yoy%), Inflation (CPI), GDP growth, Index of Industrial Production, Trade Openness, Unemployment rate and Tax as a percentage of nominal GDP using quarterly data for the period starting from January 2000 to December 2012. The research has shown that the year 2009 was a more appropriate time in India to have policies in place to invite FDI in retail. It is observed that there has been no such case of domination of foreign retailers in past years of globalization wherever markets for global retailers have opened up. Only limited numbers of retailer had entered into these markets with lot of caution as they had soon realised that retail thrives on local knowledge rather than imitating and transplanting global retail strategy, concepts and formats. In major emerging countries, fewer foreign retailers had been successful while several failed due to their inability to gather customer insights, comprehend local nuances and fight local competition. In fact, in many countries the local retailers have better market shares, sizes and performances. The research findings also indicate that with the introduction of FDI in retail in India, there will be an initial displacement of middlemen from the supply chain. However, the organized retailing will induce an increase in the food processing sector and these middlemen will be absorbed by it. It is also expected that the government will take innovative measures to mitigate the adverse effects on small retailers and traders involved in the supply chain. Direct accessibility to the market will be provided to the farmers and hence, a better remuneration. With respect to consumers, they will benefit from assured weights and cash memos, enhanced competition due to the presence of bigger retailers and better quality of produce. The government revenues are also expected to rise due to elimination of intermediaries, enhanced operational efficiency, and control on post harvest wastage, however competition in the retail market would gradually be advantageous for end customer.

Suggested Citation

  • Sinha, Pankaj & Singhal, Anushree, 2013. "FDI in Retail in India: An Empirical Analysis," MPRA Paper 46833, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:46833
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46833/1/MPRA_paper_46833.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bengoa, Marta & Sanchez-Robles, Blanca, 2003. "Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and growth: new evidence from Latin America," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 529-545, September.
    2. John Humphrey, 2007. "The supermarket revolution in developing countries: tidal wave or tough competitive struggle?," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(4), pages 433-450, July.
    3. Anthony Scaperlanda, 1992. "Direct Investment Controls and International Equilibrium: The U.S. Experience," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 18(2), pages 157-170, Spring.
    4. Bianchi, Constanza C. & Ostale, Enrique, 2006. "Lessons learned from unsuccessful internationalization attempts: Examples of multinational retailers in Chile," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 140-147, January.
    5. Schneider, Friedrich & Frey, Bruno S., 1985. "Economic and political determinants of foreign direct investment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 161-175, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Arpita Mukherjee & Tanu M. Goyal, 2014. "The political economy of retail liberalization: The case of India," Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy (JICEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(01), pages 1-24.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ponce, Aldo, 2010. "Foreign Direct Investment and Civil Rights: Testing Decreasing Returns to Civil Rights," MPRA Paper 22020, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Wisniewski, Tomasz P. & Pathan, Saima K., 2014. "Political environment and foreign direct investment: Evidence from OECD countries," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 13-23.
    3. Cédric Durand & Neil Wrigley, 2009. "Institutional and Economic Determinants of Transnational Retailer Expansion and Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Wal-Mart and Carrefour," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 41(7), pages 1534-1555, July.
    4. Moosa, Imad A. & Cardak, Buly A., 2006. "The determinants of foreign direct investment: An extreme bounds analysis," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 199-211, April.
    5. Recep Kok & Bernur Acikgoz Ersoy, 2009. "Analyses of FDI determinants in developing countries," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 36(2), pages 105-123, January.
    6. Steve Wood & Jonathan Reynolds, 2014. "Establishing Territorial Embeddedness within Retail Transnational Corporation (TNC) Expansion: The Contribution of Store Development Departments," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(8), pages 1371-1390, August.
    7. Tuğba Akın, 2019. "The Effects of Political Stability on Foreign Direct Investment in Fragile Five Countries," Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, vol. 11(4), pages 237-255, December.
    8. Sujan Chandra Paul & Md Harun Or Rosid & Mohammad Rakibul Islam & Refat Ferdous, 2021. "The Macroeconomic Determinants and FDI: Evidence from 14 International Alliances," Asian Development Policy Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(2), pages 69-82, June.
    9. Rafael Eduardo Saavedra Leyva & Carlos H. Flores Orona, 2017. "La gobernabilidad como un determinante de la inversión extranjera directa en América Latina. (The Governance as a Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America)," Ensayos Revista de Economia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Economia, vol. 0(2), pages 123-146, October.
    10. Kulke, Elmar & Suwala, Lech, 2015. "Internationalization of grocery retailers in emerging markets – general considerations and economic impacts," EconStor Preprints 247642, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    11. Marfatia, Hardik A., 2017. "A fresh look at integration of risks in the international stock markets: A wavelet approach," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 33-49.
    12. Céline Azemar & Grégory Corcos & Andrew Delios, 2006. "Taxation and the international strategy of Japanese multinational enterprises," Working Papers halshs-00590421, HAL.
    13. Delgado, Michael S. & McCloud, Nadine & Kumbhakar, Subal C., 2014. "A generalized empirical model of corruption, foreign direct investment, and growth," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 298-316.
    14. Njangang, Henri & Nembot Ndeffo, Luc & Noubissi Domguia, Edmond & Fosto Koyeu, Prevost, 2018. "The long-run and short-run effects of foreign direct investment, foreign aid and remittances on economic growth in African countries," MPRA Paper 89747, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Busse, Matthias & Hefeker, Carsten, 2007. "Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 397-415, June.
    16. Maria Cipollina & Giorgia Giovannetti & Filomena Pietrovito & Alberto F. Pozzolo, 2012. "FDI and Growth: What Cross-country Industry Data Say," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(11), pages 1599-1629, November.
    17. Samad, Abdul & Masih, Mansur, 2018. "Does institutional quality matter in attracting foreign direct investment? the case of Ethiopia based on ARDL approach," MPRA Paper 108493, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Teixeira, Aurora A.C. & Tavares-Lehmann, Ana Teresa, 2014. "Human capital intensity in technology-based firms located in Portugal: Does foreign ownership matter?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(4), pages 737-748.
    19. Tidiane KINDA, 2010. "Increasing Private Capital Flows To Developing Countries: The Role Of Physical And Financial Infrastructure In 58 Countries, 1970-2003," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 10(2).
    20. David Tschirley & Thomas Reardon & Michael Dolislager & Jason Snyder, 2015. "The Rise of a Middle Class in East and Southern Africa: Implications for Food System Transformation," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(5), pages 628-646, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    FDI; retail; FDI in retail; multi-brand retail;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M2 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Economics
    • O2 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
    • O5 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:46833. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.