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Selected Macroeconomic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Outflow of Singapore

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  • Kueh, Swee-Hui Jerome
  • Puah, Chin-Hong
  • Liew, Khim-Sen

Abstract

The role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) outflow has become significant and essential for sustainable economic growth in Southeast Asia region particularly Singapore. The saturation of the domestic resources accumulation and as export-led regime, the government of Singapore introduced the regionalization policy in the 1990s to encourage abroad investment. Due to that, this study aims to investigate the determinants of Singapore FDI outflows from the perspective of selected macroeconomics variables namely income, trade openness, interest rate and exchange rate. This study adopted the Johansen and Juselius cointegration test and Granger causality based on vector error correction model to investigate the annually data from 1975 to 2007. Empirical results indicated that FDI outflow of Singapore is positively associated with income while inverse linkage with trade openness, interest rate and exchange rate in the long run. Moreover, exchange rate has the tendency to have greater influence towards the FDI outflow of Singapore in relative to the other determinants. Meanwhile, income, trade openness and interest rate portrayed causality linkage towards FDI outflow of Singapore, except for exchange rate in the short run. The continuous commitment towards economic integration in the East Asia region via the Free Trade Area has further contributed to the expansion of FDI outflow of Singapore in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Kueh, Swee-Hui Jerome & Puah, Chin-Hong & Liew, Khim-Sen, 2010. "Selected Macroeconomic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Outflow of Singapore," MPRA Paper 25940, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:25940
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Scaperlanda, Anthony & Balough, Robert S., 1983. "Determinants of U.S. direct investment in the E.E.C. : Revisited," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 381-390, May.
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    5. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration--With Applications to the Demand for Money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 52(2), pages 169-210, May.
    6. Guy V. G. Stevens, 1993. "Exchange rates and foreign direct investment: a note," International Finance Discussion Papers 444, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
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    8. Munisamy Gopinath & Daniel Pick & Utpal Vasavada, 1998. "Exchange Rate Effects on the Relationship between FDI and Trade in the U.S. Food Processing Industry," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 80(5), pages 1073-1079.
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    Cited by:

    1. Liew, Siew-Ling, 2016. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment," MPRA Paper 70447, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Liew, Siew-Ling, 2016. "Review on Determinants of Capital Flight," MPRA Paper 70445, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    FDI outflow; trade openness; vector error correction model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

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