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Rice Reforms and Poverty in the Philippines: A CGE Analysis

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  • Cororaton, Caesar B.

Abstract

The quantitative restriction (QR) on rice will last until the end of 2004. The paper employs a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the possible poverty and distributional effects of the removal of QR and the reduction in tariff on rice imports. Policy experiments indicate that while market reforms in rice lead to a reduction in the overall headcount poverty index, both the poverty gap and the squared poverty gap indices increase. The Gini coefficient increases as well. In general, these results imply that the poorest of the poor are adversely affected. In particular, while market reforms in rice bring about a reduction in consumer prices that is favorable to all, imports of rice surge and generate displacement effects on poor households that rely heavily on agriculture for factor incomes, particularly on palay rice production and other related activities. Palay production and its output price decline. This translates to lower demand for factor inputs in the sector, lower factor prices in agriculture, and lower factor incomes for these households. Thus, poverty in these groups, as well as the general income inequality, deteriorates. However, the results of the experiments involving various poverty-offsetting measures indicate that an increase in direct government transfers to these household groups can provide a better safety net.

Suggested Citation

  • Cororaton, Caesar B., 2004. "Rice Reforms and Poverty in the Philippines: A CGE Analysis," Discussion Papers DP 2004-14, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
  • Handle: RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2004-14
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    File URL: https://www.pids.gov.ph/publication/discussion-papers/rice-reforms-and-poverty-in-the-philippines-a-cge-analysis
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lofgren, Hans & Robinson, Sherman, 1997. "The mixed-complementary approach to specifying agricultural supply in computable general equilibrium models:," TMD discussion papers 20, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. Robinson, Sherman & El-Said, Moataz & San, Nu Nu & Suryana, Achmad & Swastika, Dewa & Bahri, Sjaiful, 1997. "Rice price policies in Indonesia: a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis," TMD discussion papers 19, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
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    Cited by:

    1. Bouët, Antoine, 2006. "What can the poor expect from trade liberalization?: opening the "black box" of trade modeling," MTID discussion papers 93, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. repec:ilo:ilowps:486999 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Christine D. Lasco & Robert J. Myers & Richard H. Bernsten, 2008. "Dynamics of rice prices and agricultural wages in the Philippines," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 38(3), pages 339-348, May.
    4. Piero Conforti & Ugo Pica-Ciamarra, 2007. "Scaling-up community-driven development. Evidence from the Philippines," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(9), pages 631-636.
    5. Rizwana Siddiqui, 2007. "Dynamic Effects of Agriculture Trade in the Context of Domestic and Global Liberalisation : A CGE Analysis for Pakistan," Trade Working Papers 22220, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    6. repec:phd:pjdevt:pjd_2010_vol__37_no__1b is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Yap, Josef T., 2014. "ASEAN Community 2015 : managing integration for better jobs and shared prosperity in the Philippines," ILO Working Papers 994869993402676, International Labour Organization.

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