IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/socarx/qx59v.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

CAMELs-DEA in Assessing the Role of Major Factors in Achieving Higher Efficiency Levels: Evidence from Turkish Banks

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Haibo

    (Texas A&M International University)

  • Sua, Lutfu
  • Dolar, Burak

Abstract

This study explores the efficiency of Turkish banks under unconventional central bank monetary policies, a departure from studies in developed economies using CAMEL ratings. It introduces unique inputs and outputs distinct from those used in developed contexts. A notable contribution is the integrated CAMELS ratings-based data envelopment analysis, considering both desirable and undesirable variables. This integration results in a more realistic estimation of the overall system production possibility set, surpassing assumptions made by traditional CAMELS and DEA methods. The study reveals a significant relationship between Turkish bank efficiency, size, and type, with public capital deposit banks as well as banks with the highest number of branches displaying superior performance. The results show that non-performing loans (NPL), unemployment rates, government debt, exchange rates, and inflation rates have a meaningful impact on banking efficiency. Government debt and exchange rates have an inverse relationship with efficiency while the remaining variables are positively correlated. These findings in this study underline the potential for rising inflation to trigger financial instability, especially after abrupt and unforeseen inflation spikes. This study enhances our understanding of inflation's macroeconomic implications and its impact on the banking sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Haibo & Sua, Lutfu & Dolar, Burak, 2023. "CAMELs-DEA in Assessing the Role of Major Factors in Achieving Higher Efficiency Levels: Evidence from Turkish Banks," SocArXiv qx59v, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:qx59v
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/qx59v
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/660afe6bbba39a0a5972a214/
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/qx59v?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alberto Alesina & Silvia Ardagna, 1998. "Tales of fiscal adjustment," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 13(27), pages 488-545.
    2. Sameh Charfeddine Karray & Jamel eddine Chichti, 2013. "Bank Size and Efficiency in Developing Countries: Intermediation Approach versus Value Added Approach and Impact of Non-Traditional Activities," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(5), pages 593-613.
    3. Drake, Leigh & Hall, Maximilian J.B. & Simper, Richard, 2009. "Bank modelling methodologies: A comparative non-parametric analysis of efficiency in the Japanese banking sector," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Shaddady, Ali & Moore, Tomoe, 2019. "Investigation of the effects of financial regulation and supervision on bank stability: The application of CAMELS-DEA to quantile regressions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 96-116.
    5. Marco Pagano & Giovanni Pica, 2012. "Finance and employment [Credit constraints as a barrier to the entry and post-entry growth of firms]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 27(69), pages 5-55.
    6. Baum, Christopher F. & Caglayan, Mustafa & Talavera, Oleksandr, 2010. "Parliamentary election cycles and the Turkish banking sector," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2709-2719, November.
    7. Lozano, Sebastián, 2016. "Slacks-based inefficiency approach for general networks with bad outputs: An application to the banking sector," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 73-84.
    8. repec:idn:journl:v:16:y:2013:i:2h:p:1-22 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Eralp Bektas, 2007. "The persistence of profits in the Turkish banking system," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 187-190.
    10. Sameh Charfeddine Karray & Jamel eddine Chichti, 2013. "Bank Size and Efficiency in Developing Countries: Intermediation Approach versus Value Added Approach and Impact of Non-Traditional Activities," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(5), pages 593-613, May.
    11. Zhang, Dayong & Cai, Jing & Dickinson, David G. & Kutan, Ali M., 2016. "Non-performing loans, moral hazard and regulation of the Chinese commercial banking system," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 48-60.
    12. Ahlem-Selma Messai & Mohamed Imen Gallali, 2019. "Macroeconomic determinants of credit risk: a P-VAR approach evidence from Europe," International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 12(1), pages 15-24.
    13. Jin, Justin Yiqiang & Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran & Lobo, Gerald J., 2011. "Ability of accounting and audit quality variables to predict bank failure during the financial crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 2811-2819, November.
    14. Faozi A. Almaqtari & Eissa A. Al‐Homaidi & Mosab I. Tabash & Najib H. Farhan, 2019. "The determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(1), pages 168-185, January.
    15. Allen N. Berger & Christa H. S. Bouwman & Dasol Kim, 2017. "Small Bank Comparative Advantages in Alleviating Financial Constraints and Providing Liquidity Insurance over Time," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(10), pages 3416-3454.
    16. Ensar Yilmaz & Alovsat Muslumov, 2008. "Deposit insurance and moral hazard problem: the case of Turkish banking system," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(16), pages 2147-2163.
    17. French, Declan & Vigne, Samuel, 2019. "The causes and consequences of household financial strain: A systematic review," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 150-156.
    18. Tabak, Benjamin M. & Gomes, Guilherme M.R. & da Silva Medeiros, Maurício, 2015. "The impact of market power at bank level in risk-taking: The Brazilian case," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 154-165.
    19. repec:oup:ecpoli:v:27:y:2012:i:69:p:5-55 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Fukuyama, Hirofumi & Matousek, Roman, 2011. "Efficiency of Turkish banking: Two-stage network system. Variable returns to scale model," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 75-91, February.
    21. Dimitrios, Anastasiou & Helen, Louri & Mike, Tsionas, 2016. "Determinants of non-performing loans: Evidence from Euro-area countries," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 116-119.
    22. Süer, Ömür & Levent, Haluk & Şen, Süleyman, 2016. "Foreign entry and the Turkish banking system in 2000s," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 420-435.
    23. Turk Ariss, Rima, 2010. "On the implications of market power in banking: Evidence from developing countries," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 765-775, April.
    24. Doan, Anh-Tuan & Lin, Kun-Li & Doong, Shuh-Chyi, 2018. "What drives bank efficiency? The interaction of bank income diversification and ownership," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 203-219.
    25. Balak, Sima & Behzadi, Mohammad Hassan & Nazari, Ali, 2021. "Stochastic copula-DEA model based on the dependence structure of stochastic variables: An application to twenty bank branches," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 326-341.
    26. Krzysztof Jackowicz & Łukasz Kozłowski & Paweł Wnuczak, 2020. "Location, Location, … and Its Significance for Small Banks," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(1), pages 1-33, January.
    27. Abdus Samad & Vaughn S. Armstrong, 2022. "Bootstrap-DEA management efficiency and early prediction of bank failure: Evidence from 2008-2009 U.S. bank failures," Central Bank Review, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, vol. 22(3), pages 119-127.
    28. Vuslat US, 2020. "A Panel VAR Approach on Analyzing Non-Performing Loans in the Turkish Banking Sector," Journal of BRSA Banking and Financial Markets, Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency, vol. 14(1), pages 1-38.
    29. Fukuyama, Hirofumi & Matousek, Roman & Tzeremes, Nickolaos G., 2020. "A Nerlovian cost inefficiency two-stage DEA model for modeling banks’ production process: Evidence from the Turkish banking system," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    30. Dietrich, Andreas & Wanzenried, Gabrielle, 2011. "Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: Evidence from Switzerland," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 307-327, July.
    31. Constant, Fouopi Djiogap & Augustin Ngomsi, 2012. "Determinants of Bank Long-term Lending Behavior in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC)," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 2, pages 107-114, May.
    32. Yilmazkuday, Hakan, 2022. "Drivers of Turkish inflation," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 315-323.
    33. Aggelopoulos, Eleftherios & Georgopoulos, Antonios, 2017. "Bank branch efficiency under environmental change: A bootstrap DEA on monthly profit and loss accounting statements of Greek retail branches," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 261(3), pages 1170-1188.
    34. Jin Q Jeon & Kwang Kyu Lim, 2013. "Bank Competition and Financial Stability : A Comparative Study of Mutual Savings Banks and Commercial Banks in Korea," Working Papers 2013-18, Economic Research Institute, Bank of Korea.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Wei & Huang, Jun & Wang, Haibo & Alidaee, Bahram, 2022. "Internal and external analysis of community banks' performance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Phan, Hien Thu & Anwar, Sajid & Alexander, W. Robert J. & Phan, Hanh Thi My, 2019. "Competition, efficiency and stability: An empirical study of East Asian commercial banks," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    3. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2019. "Size, efficiency, market power, and economies of scale in the African banking sector," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 5(1), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Faten Ben Bouheni & Hassan Obeid & Elena Margarint, 2022. "Nonperforming loan of European Islamic banks over the economic cycle," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 313(2), pages 773-808, June.
    5. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2019. "Testing the Quiet Life Hypothesis in the African Banking Industry," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 69-82, March.
    6. Simplice Asongu & Rexon Nting & Joseph Nnanna, 2020. "Market power and cost efficiency in the African banking industry," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 47(6), pages 1247-1264, May.
    7. Simplice A. Asongu & Sara Le Roux & Vanessa S. Tchamyou, 2019. "Essential information sharing thresholds for reducing market power in financial access: a study of the African banking industry," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(1), pages 34-50, March.
    8. Boateng, Agyenim & Asongu, Simplice & Akamavi, Raphael & Tchamyou, Vanessa, 2018. "Information asymmetry and market power in the African banking industry," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 69-83.
    9. Siddharth Jain & Partha Gangopadhyay, 2020. "Impacts of Endogenous Sunk-Cost Investment on the Islamic Banking Industry: A Historical Analysis," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-23, May.
    10. Cuestas, Juan Carlos & Lucotte, Yannick & Reigl, Nicolas, 2017. "Banking sector concentration, competition and financial stability: the case of the Baltic countries," Bank of Estonia Working Papers wp2017-7, Bank of Estonia, revised 11 Sep 2017.
    11. Facundo Costa de Arguibel & Juan Antonio Dip & Gerardo Stvass, 2024. "Unravelling the Determinants of Banking Efficiency in Argentina: a two-stage Analysis of the Argentine Banking Sector," Working Papers 326, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    12. Fukuyama, Hirofumi & Matousek, Roman & Tzeremes, Nickolaos G., 2022. "Bank production with nonperforming loans: A minimum distance directional slack inefficiency approach," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    13. Nicholas Addai Boamah & Emmanuel Opoku & Kingsley Opoku Appiah, 2022. "Efficiency, foreign banks presence, competition and risk exposure of banks in middle-income economies," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(8), pages 1-21, August.
    14. Elfeituri, Hatem, 2022. "Banking stability, institutional quality, market concentration, competition and political conflict in MENA," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    15. Nuri Altintas & Alessandra Ferrari & Claudia Girardone, 2022. "Do financial reforms always improve banks efficiency and competition? A long-term analysis of Turkey’s experience," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(4), pages 458-469, December.
    16. Carmelo Algeri & Antonio F. Forgione & Carlo Migliardo, 2022. "Do spatial dependence and market power matter in the diversification of cooperative banks?," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 51(3), November.
    17. Karadima, Maria & Louri, Helen, 2020. "Non-performing loans in the euro area: Does bank market power matter?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    18. Asongu, Simplice A. & Biekpe, Nicholas, 2018. "ICT, information asymmetry and market power in African banking industry," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 518-531.
    19. Asongu, Simplice A & Odhiambo, Nicholas M, 2023. "Bank accounts, bank concentration and mobile money innovations," Working Papers 29949, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    20. Maryem Naili & Younes Lahrichi, 2022. "The determinants of banks' credit risk: Review of the literature and future research agenda," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 334-360, January.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:qx59v. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://arabixiv.org .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.