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Income And Wealth As Salient Gradational Aspects Of Stratification

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  • Brady, David

Abstract

This chapter argues income and wealth are two paramount gradational measures of social stratification. The chapter makes this case while reviewing recent social science on income and wealth. First, I begin by explaining how income and wealth are essential for purchasing well-being. Second, I review the definition and measurement of income and wealth. This section is particularly critical because one of my overarching themes is that measurement is absolutely essential to studying income and wealth. Unfortunately, the field of social stratification – especially within the U.S. – has arguably problematically neglected measurement. Along the way, I provide empirical evidence demonstrating that measurement critically influences estimates of levels of inequality, intergenerational mobility, proxies for permanent income, and levels and trends in racial inequality. Third, I describe the levels of inequality in income and wealth. Fourth, I describe the intergenerational inheritance of or mobility income and wealth. Fifth, I show how income and wealth outperform other measures of social class as proxies of longer term resources, such as permanent income. Sixth, I demonstrate how income and wealth matter to stratification partly because they are mechanisms for other salient inequalities, including especially racial inequalities.

Suggested Citation

  • Brady, David, 2022. "Income And Wealth As Salient Gradational Aspects Of Stratification," SocArXiv pny3t, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:pny3t
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/pny3t
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brady, David & Guerra, Christian & Kohler, Ulrich & Link, Bruce, 2022. "The Long Arm of Prospective Childhood Income for Mature Adult Health in the United States," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 63(4), pages 543-559.
    2. Raj Chetty & Nathaniel Hendren & Patrick Kline & Emmanuel Saez & Nicholas Turner, 2014. "Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(5), pages 141-147, May.
    3. Elvire Guillaud & Matthew Olckers & Michaël Zemmour, 2020. "Four Levers of Redistribution: The Impact of Tax and Transfer Systems on Inequality Reduction," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 66(2), pages 444-466, June.
    4. Joseph G. Altonji & Ulrich Doraszelski, 2005. "The Role of Permanent Income and Demographics in Black/White Differences in Wealth," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 40(1).
    5. David Brady & Marco Giesselmann & Ulrich Kohler & Anke Radenacker, 2018. "How to measure and proxy permanent income: evidence from Germany and the U.S," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 16(3), pages 321-345, September.
    6. Lindsay Jacobs & Elizabeth Llanes & Kevin Moore & Jeffrey Thompson & Alice Henriques Volz, 2022. "Wealth concentration in the USA using an expanded measure of net worth [Top wealth shares in the UK over more than a century]," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 74(3), pages 623-642.
    7. Brady, David & Bostic, Amie, 2015. "Paradoxes of Social Policy: Welfare Transfers, Relative Poverty, and Redistribution Preferences," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 80(2), pages 268-298.
    8. Philipp M. Lersch, 2017. "The Marriage Wealth Premium Revisited: Gender Disparities and Within-Individual Changes in Personal Wealth in Germany," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(3), pages 961-983, June.
    9. Robert Erikson & John H. Goldthorpe, 2002. "Intergenerational Inequality: A Sociological Perspective," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(3), pages 31-44, Summer.
    10. McDonough, P. & Duncan, G.J. & Williams, D. & House, J., 1997. "Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 87(9), pages 1476-1483.
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