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Multilateralising Regionalism: Disciplines on Export Restrictions in Regional Trade Agreements

Author

Listed:
  • Jane Korinek

    (OECD)

  • Jessica Bartos

Abstract

The proliferation of preferential trade agreements has posed challenges for the multilateral trading system. But regional trade agreements (RTAs) also allow countries to develop and strengthen trade disciplines beyond what is possible at the multilateral level. In some instances, RTAs explore policy areas that are the subject of few disciplines at the multilateral level. They may provide lessons and suggest good practices that could be used to inform discussions in a wider setting. One such policy area is export restrictions and taxes. Export restrictions and duties have not been given the same degree of attention in multilateral trade agreements and negotiations as the elimination of import tariffs and quantitative restrictions. The WTO provides a general prohibition on quantitative export restrictions but the broad and, at times, ambiguous exceptions somewhat vitiate the ban. Moreover, export taxes are not explicitly forbidden in the WTO. This study suggests that there are a number of ways by which WTO disciplines could benefit from the approaches found in some RTAs in the area of export restrictions.

Suggested Citation

  • Jane Korinek & Jessica Bartos, 2012. "Multilateralising Regionalism: Disciplines on Export Restrictions in Regional Trade Agreements," OECD Trade Policy Papers 139, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:traaab:139-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k962hf7hfnr-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sakuyama, Takumi, 2016. "Japan's Quest for Food Export Disciplines in Trade Negotiations : A Critical Assessment of Its Economic Partnership Agreements," Japanese Journal of Agricultural Economics (formerly Japanese Journal of Rural Economics), Agricultural Economics Society of Japan (AESJ), vol. 18.
    2. Kowalska Aleksandra & Budzyńska Anna & Białowąs Tomasz, 2022. "Food export restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic: Real and potential effects on food security," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 58(4), pages 409-424, December.
    3. Olga Solleder, 2013. "Trade Effects of Export Taxes," IHEID Working Papers 08-2013, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
    4. Srivastava, Nidhi, 2023. "Trade in critical minerals: Revisiting the legal regime in times of energy transition," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. Estrades, Carmen, 2015. "The Role of Export Restrictions in Agriculture Trade," 2015: Trade and Societal Well-Being, December 13-15, 2015, Clearwater Beach, Florida 229229, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
    6. Ayako Obashi, 2016. "Optimal Trade Policy and Production Location," Working Papers DP-2016-25, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
    7. Olga Solleder, 2013. "Panel Export Taxes (PET) Dataset: New Data on Export Tax Rates," IHEID Working Papers 07-2013, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
    8. Anania, Giovanni, 2013. "Agricultural Export Restrictions and the WTO: What Options Do Policy-Makers Have For Promoting Food Security?," Price Volatility and Beyond 320191, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD).
    9. Espa, Ilaria, 2015. "Export Restrictions in relation to Extractive Industries," Papers 849, World Trade Institute.
    10. Jane Korinek, 2019. "Trade restrictions on minerals and metals," Mineral Economics, Springer;Raw Materials Group (RMG);Luleå University of Technology, vol. 32(2), pages 171-185, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    dispute settlement; export charges; export duties; export fees; export levies; export licensing; export restraints; export restrictions; export tariffs; export taxes; GATT; GATT Article XI; GATT Article XX; minimum export prices; multilateral trading system; preferential trade agreements; PTA; quantitative export restrictions; regional trade agreements; RTA; trade creation; trade disciplines; trade diverting; trade instruments; WTO; WTO provisions; WTO-plus;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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