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Trends in Market Openness

Author

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  • Jonathan Coppel
  • Martine Durand

Abstract

Widening imbalances in current account positions across some of the major OECD economic areas have raised concerns about related increases in protectionist sentiments. This paper reviews recent trends in market openness indicators and assesses whether barriers to international trade and investment have risen. It finds that tariffs, the most transparent form of protection, have fallen steadily over a long period. Usage of non-tariff barriers also declined up to 1996. But despite these developments most OECD countries continue to highly protect certain sectors such as agriculture. The paper reviews in some depth the incidence, geographical distribution and product composition of anti-dumping initiations, since their use as disguised protection is feared. Against the background of a general decline in direct trade restrictions the paper shows, using a variety of indicators the steady - albeit uneven across sectors and countries - improvement in market openness. The study also examines ... Le creusement des déséquilibres des paiements courants entre certaines grandes zones économiques de l’OCDE a fait craindre une montée des sentiments protectionnistes. Ce papier étudie l’évolution récente des indicateurs d’ouverture des marchés et évalue si les obstacles aux échanges et aux investissements internationaux se sont accrus. Il constate que les droits de douane, la forme la plus transparente de protectionnisme, ont diminué régulièrement sur une longue période. Le recours aux obstacles non tarifaires s’est aussi inscrit en repli jusqu’en 1996. Mais en dépit de ces évolutions la plupart des pays de l'OCDE continuent à fortement protéger certains secteurs tels que l’agriculture. Cette étude analyse l’incidence, la distribution géographique et la composition par produits des mesures antidumping, car l’on craint leur utilisation comme moyen déguisé de protection. Dans ce contexte de recul général des mesures visant à restreindre les échanges, ce papier montre en s’appuyant ...

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan Coppel & Martine Durand, 1999. "Trends in Market Openness," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 221, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:221-en
    DOI: 10.1787/051520622785
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ralf Boscheck, 2000. "Trade, competition and antidumping—Breaking the impasse!?," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 35(6), pages 282-287, November.
    2. Yoshiaki Sugimoto, 2006. "Endogenous Trade Policy: Political Struggle in the Growth Process," ISER Discussion Paper 0678, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    3. Andersen, Torben M., 2005. "Product market integration, wage dispersion and unemployment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 379-406, June.
    4. Kevin H. O'Rourke, 2002. "Globalization and Inequality: Historical Trends," Aussenwirtschaft, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science, Swiss Institute for International Economics and Applied Economics Research, vol. 57(01), pages 65-104, March.
    5. Andersen, Torben M & Sorensen, Allan, 2003. "International Product Market Integration, Rents and Wage Formation," CEPR Discussion Papers 3995, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Ignazio Visco, 2000. "Perspectives on OECD economic integration : implications for U.S. current account adjustment : commentary," Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, pages 209-231.
    7. Michel Fouquin & Nanno Mulder & Laurence Nayman & Khalid Sekkat & Joffrey Malek Mansour, 2001. "Sector Sensitivity to Exchange Rate Fluctuations," Working Papers 2001-11, CEPII research center.
    8. Torben M. Andersen, 2007. "Fiscal Policy Coordination and International Trade," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 74(294), pages 235-257, May.
    9. Masahiro Kawai & Munehisa Kasuya & Naohisa Hirakata, 2003. "Analysis of the Relative Price of Nontradable Goods in the G7 Countries," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 03-E-5, Bank of Japan.
    10. Foders, Federico & Piazolo, Daniel & Schweickert, Rainer, 2002. "Fit für die EU? Indikatoren zum Stand der Wirtschaftsreformen in den Kandidatenländern," Kiel Discussion Papers 389/390, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    11. Torben Andersen, 2001. "European Integration - A Downward Bias in Employment Policies?," CESifo Working Paper Series 574, CESifo.
    12. Sugimoto, Yoshiaki & Nakagawa, Masao, 2011. "Endogenous trade policy: Political struggle in the growth process," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 12-29, February.
    13. Andersen, Torben M. & Spange, Morten, 2006. "International interdependencies in fiscal stabilization policies," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(5), pages 1169-1195, July.
    14. Andersen, Torben M. & Skaksen, Jan Rose, 2003. "Product Market Integration, Comparative Advantages and Labour Market Performance," IZA Discussion Papers 698, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. repec:bla:scandj:v:104:y:2002:i:3:p:343-64 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Megan Claridge & Sarah Box, 2000. "Economic Integration, Sovereignty and Identity: New Zealand in the Global Economy," Treasury Working Paper Series 00/22, New Zealand Treasury.
    17. Andersen, Torben M., 2002. "International Integration, Risk and the Welfare State," IZA Discussion Papers 456, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    18. Yoshiaki Sugimoto, 2005. "Endogenous Globalization and Income Divergence," Development and Comp Systems 0503003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Dr. R. Ramachandran, 2011. "International Trade Problems and India: A Case Study," Journal of Commerce and Trade, Society for Advanced Management Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 46-53, October.

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