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Live or Let Die? Alternative Routes to Industry Exit

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  • David Greenaway,
  • Joakim Gullstrand,
  • Richard Kneller

Abstract

Each year around 8 per cent of Swedish manufacturing firms leave an industry. Of the exit routes available, the least likely is firm closure. Firms are more likely to merge, become acquired or switch to a new industry. We investigate the importance of various firm and industry characteristics for the exit decision of Swedish firms from 1980-1996. From our analysis two patterns are evident. First, firms that close down appear to be the most distinct compared to those that remain within the sector. Second the same characteristic can have quite different associations with the different types of exit.

Suggested Citation

  • David Greenaway, & Joakim Gullstrand, & Richard Kneller, 2007. "Live or Let Die? Alternative Routes to Industry Exit," Discussion Papers 07/10, University of Nottingham, GEP.
    • Handle: RePEc:not:notgep:07/10
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    1. Joachim Wagner, 2016. "Exports, Imports and Firm Survival: First Evidence for Manufacturing Enterprises in Germany," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Microeconometrics of International Trade, chapter 10, pages 341-367, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. Stef, Nicolae & Zenou, Emmanuel, 2021. "Management-to-staff ratio and a firm's exit," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 252-260.
    3. Wagner, Joachim, 2011. "Productivity and International Firm Activities: What Do We Know?," IZA Policy Papers 23, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Zajc Kejžar, Katja, 2016. "Shutdown versus M&A: An empirical investigation of Slovenian incumbent firms’ responses to foreign competition," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 247-259.
    5. Pehr-Johan Norbäck & Ayça Tekin-Koru & Andreas Waldkirch, 2015. "Multinational Firms and Plant Divestiture," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(5), pages 811-845, November.
    6. Costa, Stefano & Pappalardo, Carmine & Vicarelli, Claudio, 2014. "Financial crisis, internationalization choices and Italian firm survival," MPRA Paper 54107, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Rajeev K. Goel & James W. Saunoris, 2022. "Push from the shadows: Does the shadow economy facilitate market exit of firms?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(7), pages 2955-2966, October.
    8. Mausumi Kar & Saibal Kar, 2017. "Multi Fibre Arrangement and Wage Inequality: Firm and State-level Evidence from India and a Theoretical Model," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(7), pages 1473-1493, July.
    9. Henrich Dahlgren & Finn Valentin, 2009. "Shaken, Not Stirred: The Re-combinatorial Capacity of High-Tech Regions," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 33-58.
    10. Nina Ponikvar & Katja Zajc Kejžar & Darja Peljhan, 2018. "The role of financial constraints for alternative firm exit modes," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 85-103, June.
    11. Rajeev K. Goel & James W. Saunoris, 2020. "Market exit of firms: Does corruption act as grease or sand?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(8), pages 1539-1548, December.
    12. Sofie Balcaen & Sophie Manigart & Jozefien Buyze & Hubert Ooghe, 2012. "Firm exit after distress: differentiating between bankruptcy, voluntary liquidation and M&A," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 39(4), pages 949-975, November.
    13. Joachim Wagner, 2016. "International Trade and Firm Performance: A Survey of Empirical Studies since 2006," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Microeconometrics of International Trade, chapter 2, pages 43-87, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    14. Jamil, Nida & Chaudhry, Theresa Thompson & Chaudhry, Azam, 2022. "Trading textiles along the new silk route: The impact on Pakistani firms of gaining market access to China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    15. Nicolae Stef, 2021. "Institutions and corporate financial distress in Central and Eastern Europe," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 57-87, August.
    16. Peng XU, 2019. "Exit of Small Businesses: Differentiating between Insolvency, Voluntary Closures and M&A," Discussion papers 19051, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Firm exit; productivity; resource reallocation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

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