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Declining Distance Effects in International Trade: Some Country-Level Evidence

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  • Michael Bleaney
  • Abelardo Salazar Neaves

Abstract

Technical progress can be expected to reduce transport costs over time, yet most studies of bilateral trade based on the gravity model find distance effects to be increasing rather than decreasing. We investigate countries’ openness to international trade (the ratio of exports plus imports to GDP). We find that trade decreases with geographical remoteness, land area, and lack of access to the sea, all of which are likely to be correlated with transport costs. In contrast to results obtained with log-linear models of bilateral trade, distance effects (remoteness and land area) have declined over time. Trade decreases with population density, and increases with improvements in the terms of trade, investment and a more liberal trade policy. Unlike in the case of bilateral trade, our results are robust to the transformation of the dependent variable.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Bleaney & Abelardo Salazar Neaves, 2011. "Declining Distance Effects in International Trade: Some Country-Level Evidence," Discussion Papers 11/02, University of Nottingham, CREDIT.
    • Handle: RePEc:not:notcre:11/02
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    Cited by:

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    3. Yang, Yang & Liu, Hongbo & Li, Xiang (Robert) & Harrill, Rich, 2018. "A shrinking world for tourists? Examining the changing role of distance factors in understanding destination choices," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 350-359.
    4. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2022. "Effect of structural economic vulnerability on the participation in international trade," EconStor Preprints 262004, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.

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