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La dinámica del proceso emprendedor: análisis biográfico del emprendedor innovador a través de sus decisiones estratégicas

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  • de Coulon, Sonia

Abstract

La literatura en torno al proceso de creación de empresas ha sustentado la idea de que el emprendedor cumple un rol clave en el desarrollo económico, tanto por su visión estratégica como por su capacidad de generar innovaciones en los mercados, empleo y crecimiento económico. Sin embargo, los estudios empíricos en la temática han abordado mayormente dicho proceso desde la perspectiva de demanda, focalizando en los aspectos institucionales, económicos y de contexto que favorecen u obstaculizan el desarrollo de las capacidades emprendedoras. En este sentido, la figura del emprendedor, sus atributos, sus decisiones y acciones han sido menos observados desde el campo de la economía y dirección estratégica, aún cuando crecientemente se debate acerca de la importancia que tiene reconocer las lecturas subjetivas de los agentes que intervienen y definen los fenómenos observados. Por ello este trabajo propone rescatar, a través de la utilización del método biográfico, al empresario decisor a fin de comprender a través de su vida cómo decide iniciar una empresa, cómo vivencia el proceso y cómo evalúa su desempeño. Para ello, se propone analizar la vida empresarial de Enrique Eskenazi, líder del Grupo Petersen, uno de los grupos económicos más influyentes del entorno económico argentino. Su reconocimiento público se asocia a la compra de acciones de YPF, empresa petrolera argentina recientemente estatizada. A través de la entrevista en profundidad realizada al empresario y del análisis documental del relato de su vida elaborado por el mismo empresario se analizan los factores que inciden en el proceso de creación de una empresa, su reestructuración, expansión y diversificación. Mediante una descripción de los distintos momentos de la vida empresarial y las decisiones de compra de nuevas empresas, este trabajo indaga en el modelo de decisión que define la dinámica emprendedora, los factores que intervienen en el proceso de decisión y las cualidades empresarias manifiestas en cada uno de los momentos observados. Los resultados muestran que detrás de las decisiones de compra de empresas hay un empresario innovador que está alerta a las oportunidades en el mercado, gestiona información y redes, asume riesgos, se enfrenta a desafíos de resolución de problemas, planifica estratégicamente, realiza innovación en procesos mediante la reestructuración de empresas y dedica su vida a desarrollar su vocación emprendedora asumiendo retos al entrar a mercados diversificados.

Suggested Citation

  • de Coulon, Sonia, 2013. "La dinámica del proceso emprendedor: análisis biográfico del emprendedor innovador a través de sus decisiones estratégicas," Nülan. Deposited Documents 1871, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.
  • Handle: RePEc:nmp:nuland:1871
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    References listed on IDEAS

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