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What Do Long Data Tell Us About the Inflation Hike Post COVID-19 Pandemic?

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  • Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé
  • Martín Uribe

Abstract

To what extent is the recent spike in inflation driven by a change in its permanent component? We estimate a semi-structural model of output, inflation, and the nominal interest rate in the United States over the period 1900-2021. The model predicts that between 2019 and 2021 the permanent component of inflation rose by 51 basis points. If instead we estimate the model using postwar data (1955--2021), the permanent component of inflation is predicted to have increased by 238 basis points. A possible interpretation of this finding is that the model estimated on the shorter sample assigns a larger increase in the permanent component of inflation because the period 1955-2021 does not contain sudden sparks in inflation like the one observed in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic but only gradual ones---the great inflation of the 70s took more than 10 years to build up. By contrast, the period 1900-1954 is plagued with sudden inflation hikes---including one around the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic---which the estimated model endogenously recalls and uses to interpret inflation around the COVID-19 episode. This result suggests that prewar data might be of use to understand recent inflation dynamics.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé & Martín Uribe, 2022. "What Do Long Data Tell Us About the Inflation Hike Post COVID-19 Pandemic?," NBER Working Papers 30357, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30357
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Òscar Jordà & Moritz Schularick & Alan M. Taylor, 2017. "Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 31(1), pages 213-263.
    2. Martín Uribe, 2022. "The Neo-Fisher Effect: Econometric Evidence from Empirical and Optimizing Models," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 14(3), pages 133-162, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kyriazis, Nikolaos & Papadamou, Stephanos & Tzeremes, Panayiotis & Corbet, Shaen, 2024. "Examining spillovers and connectedness among commodities, inflation, and uncertainty: A quantile-VAR framework," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    2. John O’Trakoun, 2023. "An alternative measure of core inflation: the Trimmed Persistence PCE price index," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 58(4), pages 205-223, October.
    3. Andres Blanco & Pablo Ottonello & Tereza Ranošová, 2024. "The Dynamics of Large Inflation Surges," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 2024-9, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
    4. Chibane, Messaoud & Kuhanathan, Ano, 2023. "Is the fed failing to re-anchor expectations? An analysis of jumps in inflation swaps," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy

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