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Demand Composition and the Strength of Recoveries

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  • Martin Beraja
  • Christian K. Wolf

Abstract

We argue that recoveries from demand-driven recessions with expenditure cuts concentrated in services or non-durables will tend to be weaker than recoveries from recessions more biased towards durables. Intuitively, the smaller the bias towards more durable goods, the less the recovery is buffeted by pent-up demand. We show that, in a standard multi-sector business-cycle model, this prediction holds if and only if, following an aggregate demand shock to all categories of spending (e.g., a monetary shock), expenditure on more durable goods reverts back faster. This testable condition receives ample support in U.S. data. We then use (i) a semi-structural shift-share and (ii) a structural model to quantify this effect of varying demand composition on recovery dynamics, and find it to be large. We also discuss implications for optimal stabilization policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Beraja & Christian K. Wolf, 2021. "Demand Composition and the Strength of Recoveries," NBER Working Papers 29304, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29304
    Note: EFG ME
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    Cited by:

    1. Bambi, Mauro & Ghilli, Daria & Gozzi, Fausto & Leocata, Marta, 2024. "Habits and demand changes after COVID-19," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    2. Hodbod, Alexander & Hommes, Cars & Huber, Stefanie J. & Salle, Isabelle, 2021. "The COVID-19 consumption game-changer: Evidence from a large-scale multi-country survey," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    3. Antolín-Díaz, Juan & Drechsel, Thomas & Petrella, Ivan, 2024. "Advances in nowcasting economic activity: The role of heterogeneous dynamics and fat tails," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 238(2).
    4. Cardi, Olivier & Restout, Romain, 2023. "Sectoral fiscal multipliers and technology in open economy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    5. Bocquet, L., 2024. "The Network Origin of Slow Labor Reallocation," Janeway Institute Working Papers 2427, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    6. Jacques Sapir, 2023. "The Macroeconomic Impact of the New Geopolitical Deal on the French Economy," Studies on Russian Economic Development, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 308-319, June.
    7. Elisa Guglielminetti & Concetta Rondinelli, 2021. "Consumption and saving patterns in Italy during Covid-19," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 620, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    8. Dennis Bonam & Bart Hobijn, 2024. "Downward Price Rigidities and Inflationary Relative Demand Shocks," Working Paper Series WP 2024-11, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    9. Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens & Groll, Dominik & Hoffmann, Timo & Jannsen, Nils & Kooths, Stefan & Sonnenberg, Nils & Stamer, Vincent, 2023. "Deutsche Wirtschaft im Winter 2023: Finanzpolitik in Turbulenzen - Gegenwind für die Erholung [German Economy in Winter 2023: Public budget under stress - Recovery faces headwinds]," Kieler Konjunkturberichte 110, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    10. Christian Ragacs & Richard Sellner & Klaus Vondra, 2021. "Economic recovery aided by coronavirus vaccine rollout. Economic outlook for Austria from 2021 to 2023 (June 2021)," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q2/21, pages 81-115.
    11. Francesco Berardini & Fabrizio Renzi, 2022. "Mind the Gap! The (unexpected) impact of COVID-19 pandemic on VAT revenue in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 669, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    12. Bocquet, L., 2024. "The Network Origin of Slow Labor Reallocation," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2465, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    13. Melanie Koch & Thomas Scheiber, 2022. "Mitigating the impact of the pandemic on personal finances in CESEE: descriptive evidence for 2020," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q2/22, pages 63-96.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy

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