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L'impact du consensus de Washington sur les pays en développement : une évaluation empirique

Author

Listed:
  • Eric Berr

    (GED, Université Montesquieu-Bordeaux IV)

  • François Combarnous

    (GED, Université Montesquieu-Bordeaux IV)

Abstract

Le retournement idéologique opéré au début des années 1980 marque l'avènement de stratégies de développement libérales qui fondent le consensus de Washington. Nous souhaitons mesurer l'impact de ce dernier sur les pays en développement. Pour ce faire, nous créons dans un premier temps un indicateur numérique de suivi du consensus de Washington. Cet indicateur multidimensionnel est obtenu par une analyse en composantes principales de ses dix dimensions. Il permet de chiffrer, de 1980 à 2000, le degré d'engagement de 98 pays en développement dans le train de mesures prôné par les institutions financières internationales. D'autre part, il montre que le consensus de Washington n'est pas applicable dans l'intégralité de ses dix dimensions. Sur la base de cet indicateur, il est alors possible dans un second temps de confronter le degré de mise en œuvre du consensus au degré de réalisation de certains objectifs tels que la croissance, le développement, la réduction de la dette, la baisse des inégalités ou encore l'ouverture au commerce mondial. Ce faisant, nous montrons que les pays appliquant fidèlement les recommandations du consensus de Washington n'ont globalement pas obtenu de meilleurs résultats que les autres. Face à ce constat d'échec, la voie du post-consensus est alors explorée. The ideological reversal operated at the beginning of the 80's marks the advent of liberal development strategies which found the Washington consensus. We are interested in measuring the impact of this last on developing countries. With this intention, we initially create a numerical indicator of Washington consensus adoption. This multidimensional indicator is obtained by means of a principal components analysis of its ten dimensions. It makes it possible to quantify, from 1980 to 2000, the degree of commitment of 98 developing countries in the batch of measures advocated by the international financial institutions. Moreover, it shows that the Washington consensus is not applicable in the whole of its ten dimensions. On the basis of this indicator, it is then possible to confront the degree of implementation of the consensus with the degree of achievement of objectives such as growth, development, debt reduction, inequalities drop or world trade opening. By doing this, we show that assiduous countries did not obtain better results than the others. Facing this acknowledgement of failure, the way of post-consensus is then explored. (Full text in french)

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Berr & François Combarnous, 2004. "L'impact du consensus de Washington sur les pays en développement : une évaluation empirique," Documents de travail 100, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV.
    • Handle: RePEc:mon:ceddtr:100
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cornia, Giovanni Andrea & Jolly, Richard & Stewart, Frances (ed.), 1987. "Adjustment with a Human Face: Volume 1, Protecting the Vulnerable and Promoting Growth," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198286097.
    2. Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira & Carmen Augusta Varela, 2004. "The second Washington consensus and Latin America's quasi-stagnation," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(2), pages 231-250.
    3. Eric Berr, 2003. "La dette des pays en développement : bilan et perspectives," Post-Print hal-00151540, HAL.
    4. Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira & Yoshiaki Nakano, 2003. "Economic growth with foreign savings?," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Center of Political Economy, vol. 23(2), pages 163-188.
    5. François Bourguignon & Christian Morrisson, 2002. "Inequality Among World Citizens: 1820-1992," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(4), pages 727-744, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lamia YACOUB, 2009. "La politique économique dans la mondialisation : de la récusation au renouveau (The economic policy in the globalization : from the denial in the revival)," Working Papers 211, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation.
    2. Ridha Chkoundali & Houda Haffoudhi & Houda Abdenneji, 2011. "Institutional Sphere Contribution to Human Development: An Institutional Approach," Working Papers 629, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2011.
    3. Lamia YACOUB & Gwenaëlle OTANDO & Dimitri UZUNIDIS, 2010. "Gouvernance mondiale, bonne gouvernance et impacts sur les économies en développement (global governance, good governance and the issue of development)," Working Papers 229, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

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