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Un Modello Dinamico del Consumatore con Razionalità Limitata e Analisi Globale

Author

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  • Ahmad K. Naimzada

    (Department of Economics, University of Milan-Bicocca)

  • Fabio Tramontana

Abstract

Il modello tradizionale di comportamento del consumatore è basato sull’ipotesi di razionalità, ovvero il consumatore effettua le proprie scelte massimizzando la funzione d'utilità soggetta al vincolo di bilancio. Questo approccio richiede che ogni consumatore abbia una completa conoscenza delle proprie preferenze e quindi della propria funzione di utilità e che abbia le capacità computazionali per risolvere un problema di ottimo. Recentemente D'Orlando e Rodano (2006), partendo da un punto di vista che si richiama alla razionalità limitata degli agenti economici, ritenendo che i requisiti cognitivi impliciti nell'approccio tradizionale siano eccessivi, propongono un meccanismo decisionale di scelta ripetuta che dà luogo ad un processo dinamico di tipo adattivo. Gli stessi autori ritengono che l'eventuale convergenza, nel lungo periodo, del processo adattivo all'equilibrio del tradizionale modello statico del consumatore sia da interpretare come una spiegazione evolutiva del comportamento razionale. Anche in questo lavoro presentiamo e studiamo un meccanismo decisionale adattivo che presuppone una conoscenza locale della funzione di utilità e in cui il consumatore effettua le sue scelte nella direzione (in aumento o in diminuzione del consumo) degli incrementi del livello di utilità. Il modello in tempo continuo indica che, nel tempo, il processo adattivo converge sempre alla scelta razionale. Mentre nel tempo discreto la convergenza è più problematica perchè solo per opportune configurazioni dei parametri del modello questa situazione si realizza, altrimenti si ha l'emergere di vari fenomeni: molteplicità di equilibri, transizione a dinamiche periodiche e caotiche tramite biforcazioni e coesistenza di diversi tipi di attrattori con relativi bacini di attrazione. Per l'analisi di tali situazioni si ricorre alla analisi globale delle equazioni dinamiche tramite la tecnica delle linee critiche e la nozione di punto focale.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad K. Naimzada & Fabio Tramontana, 2007. "Un Modello Dinamico del Consumatore con Razionalità Limitata e Analisi Globale," Working Papers 117, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, revised 2007.
  • Handle: RePEc:mib:wpaper:117
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    File URL: http://repec.dems.unimib.it/repec/pdf/mibwpaper117.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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