IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/inf/wpaper/2024.7.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Unveiling the drivers of portfolio equity and bond investment in the European Union: The interplay of tax havens and gravity factors

Author

Listed:
  • Mariam Camarero

    ((University Jaume I and INTECO)

  • Alejandro Muñoz

    (University of València)

  • Cecilio Tamarit

    (University of València and INTECO)

Abstract

This paper examines the determinants of portfolio equity and bond investment in the European Union. We estimate the impact of different drivers typical of the gravity model developed by Okawa and van Wincoop (2012). A notable aspect of our study is that it accounts for the effects of tax havens through the recent database of Coppola et al. (2021). Another distinctive trait of our paper is that we model bilateral and multilateral resistance measured as financial restrictions between the country pair (bilateral) and relative to the rest of the world (multilateral). Our findings suggest that gravity variables (distance, economic size, and resistance), as well as historical links and global risk, explain portfolio holdings allocation. Our extended gravity model also captures the positive effect of government quality and financial development on portfolio equity and bonds. Given the differences in nature and risk between assets, we also compare the results for portfolio equity and bonds; we find that while portfolio equity is more mobile, portfolio debt tends to be invested in neighboring countries; more specifically, EU debt tends to remain in the EU. Our results also suggest that portfolio equity is more affected by global risk and multilateral financial restrictions. Finally, our comparative analysis using the IMF CPIS database (constructed under the residence principle) shows that not accounting for tax havens underestimates the gravity and fundamental factors explaining portfolio equity and bonds holdings investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariam Camarero & Alejandro Muñoz & Cecilio Tamarit, 2024. "Unveiling the drivers of portfolio equity and bond investment in the European Union: The interplay of tax havens and gravity factors," Working Papers 2024.7, International Network for Economic Research - INFER.
    • Handle: RePEc:inf:wpaper:2024.7
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://infer-research.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WP2024.07.pdf
    File Function: First version, 2024
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g708pipbp is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Carol Bertaut & Beau Bressler & Stephanie E Curcuru, 2019. "Globalization and the geography of capital flows," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Are post-crisis statistical initiatives completed?, volume 49, Bank for International Settlements.
    3. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g708pipbp is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Krzysztof Beck, 2021. "Capital mobility and the synchronization of business cycles: Evidence from the European Union," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(4), pages 1065-1079, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Azcona, Nestor, 2022. "Trade and business cycle synchronization: The role of common trade partners," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 190-201.
    2. Sergio Florez-Orrego & Matteo Maggiori & Jesse Schreger & Ziwen Sun & Serdil Tinda, 2024. "Global Capital Allocation," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 16(1), pages 623-653, August.
    3. Gustavo Adler & Mr. Daniel Garcia-Macia & Signe Krogstrup, 2019. "The Measurement of External Accounts," IMF Working Papers 2019/132, International Monetary Fund.
    4. Gregory J. Cohen & Jacob Dice & Melanie Friedrichs & Kamran Gupta & William Hayes & Isabel Kitschelt & Seung Jung Lee & W. Blake Marsh & Nathan Mislang & Maya Shaton & Martin Sicilian & Chris Webster, 2021. "The U.S. syndicated loan market: Matching data," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 44(4), pages 695-723, December.
    5. Egemen Eren & Philip Wooldridge, 2022. "The role of non-bank financial institutions in cross-border spillovers," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 129, October –.
    6. Antonio Coppola & Matteo Maggiori & Brent Neiman & Jesse Schreger, 2021. "Redrawing the Map of Global Capital Flows: The Role of Cross-Border Financing and Tax Havens," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 136(3), pages 1499-1556.
    7. Roland Beck & Antonio Coppola & Angus Lewis & Matteo Maggiori & Martin Schmitz & Jesse Schreger, 2024. "The geography of capital allocation in the euro area," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), External statistics in a fragmented and uncertain world, volume 62, Bank for International Settlements.
    8. Breitenlechner, Max & Georgiadis, Georgios & Schumann, Ben, 2022. "What goes around comes around: How large are spillbacks from US monetary policy?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 45-60.
    9. Wang, Xiaoyu & Sun, Yanlin & Peng, Bin, 2023. "Industrial linkage and clustered regional business cycles in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 59-72.
    10. Bank for International Settlements, 2020. "US dollar funding: an international perspective," CGFS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 65, October –.
    11. Carol C. Bertaut & Stephanie E. Curcuru & Ester Faia & Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, 2024. "New Evidence on the US Excess Return on Foreign Portfolios," International Finance Discussion Papers 1398, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    12. Hee Soo Lee & Tae Yoon Kim, 2022. "A new analytical approach for identifying market contagion," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-35, December.
    13. Bank for International Settlements, 2021. "Changing patterns of capital flows," CGFS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 66, October –.
    14. Mao Takongmo, Charles-O. & Touré, Adam, 2023. "Trade openness and connectedness of national productions: Do financial openness, economic specialization, and the size of the country matter?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    15. Shaghil Ahmed & Ricardo Correa & Daniel A. Dias & Nils Gornemann & Jasper Hoek & Anil Jain & Edith Liu & Anna Wong, 2022. "Global Spillovers of a Chinese Growth Slowdown," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-23, December.
    16. Laura Alfaro & Ester Faia & Ruth A. Judson & Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr, 2020. "Elusive Safety: The New Geography of Capital Flows and Risk," NBER Working Papers 27048, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Beck, Krzysztof & Yersh, Valeryia, 2024. "Economic integration and consumption risk sharing: A comparison of Eurozone and OECD countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 784-803.
    18. Robin Koepke & Simon Paetzold, 2024. "Capital flow data—A guide for empirical analysis and real‐time tracking," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 311-331, January.
    19. Krzysztof Beck, 2022. "Macroeconomic policy coordination and the European business cycle: Accounting for model uncertainty and reverse causality," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(4), pages 1095-1114, October.
    20. Beck, Krzysztof, 2021. "Why business cycles diverge? Structural evidence from the European Union," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gravity; cross-border asset holdings; global frictions; international finance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G - Financial Economics

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:inf:wpaper:2024.7. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Pedro Cerqueira (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/inferea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.