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Is Unemployment on Steroids in Advanced Economies?

Author

Listed:
  • Gabriel Di Bella
  • Mr. Francesco Grigoli
  • Francisco Ramirez

Abstract

Despite conventional macroeconomic theory is based on the idea that demand shocks can only have temporary effects on unemployment, several European economies display highly persistent unemployment dynamics. The theory of hysteresis challenges this view and points out that, under certain conditions, demand disturbances can have permanent effects. In this paper, we find strong empirical evidence of unemployment hysteresis in advanced economies since the 1990s. Relying on an identification scheme instigated by an insider/outsider model, we study the effects of demand shocks allowing for cross-country heterogeneous dynamics, and exploit such heterogeneity to investigate what institutional settings have the potential to soften or amplify the effects of demand shocks. Our results indicate that strengthening labor market institutions that promote a faster adjustment of real wages, removing disincentives for firms to hire and for workers to be employed, and improving the matching between labor supply and labor demand can lessen the effects of adverse demand shocks and lead to a faster reversion of unemployment rates to pre-shock levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriel Di Bella & Mr. Francesco Grigoli & Francisco Ramirez, 2018. "Is Unemployment on Steroids in Advanced Economies?," IMF Working Papers 2018/169, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2018/169
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Belke Ansgar, 2018. "Secular Stagnation, Unemployment Hysteresis and Monetary Policy in EMU: Scratches but Not Scars?," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    WP; aggregate demand; Advanced economies; hysteresis; panel VAR; persistence; unemployment; unit root; aggregate demand demand shock; wage inflation; unemployment hysteresis; unemployment dynamics; Phillips curve; replacement ratio; shocks to the variance; push factor; unemployment response; confidence interval; Unemployment rate; Wages; Employment; Labor supply; Europe; Global;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

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