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La brecha salarial entre los sexos en Chile en 1992-2003 desde una perspectiva de comparaciones emparejadas

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  • Hugo Ñopo

Abstract

(Documento disponible en Inglés únicamente) En este trabajo se analiza la evolución de la brecha salarial entre los sexos en Chile durante el período de 1992 a 2003, empleándose el enfoque de descomposición desarrollado en Ñopo (2004). Este enfoque, en el que se descompone la brecha salarial en cuatro elementos aditivos, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de establecer comparaciones dentro del apoyo común a las distribuciones de características observables de individuos. Además, también permite un análisis de la distribución de diferencias no explicadas en los salarios (no sólo el promedio). Los resultados sugieren que, aparte del elevado nivel de logro académico entre las mujeres, hay diferencias salariales notables entre los sexos en Chile que favorecen a los hombres. Estas diferencias salariales no explicadas, que oscilan alrededor de 25% del salario promedio de las mujeres, no mostraron tendencias claras durante el período del análisis. Las brechas salariales son mayores en los percentiles más altos de la distribución salarial, entre aquellos con mayor nivel de logro académico, entre los directores y entre los trabajadores a medio tiempo. La técnica también sirve para detectar cierta evidencia de un efecto de techo de vidrio de los mercados laborales de Chile, de modo que para ciertas ocupaciones y combinaciones particulares de características observables, hay más hombres que mujeres que reciben un salario elevado.

Suggested Citation

  • Hugo Ñopo, 2006. "La brecha salarial entre los sexos en Chile en 1992-2003 desde una perspectiva de comparaciones emparejadas," Research Department Publications 4464, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4464
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