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Instituciones políticas, procesos de diseño de políticas y resultados de las políticas en Venezuela

Author

Listed:
  • Francisco Monaldi
  • Rosa Amelia González de Pacheco
  • Richard Obuchi
  • Michael Penfold

Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) Este estudio de un caso específico de instituciones democráticas y los procesos de diseño de políticas en Venezuela forma parte de un proyecto más amplio y de ámbito regional basado en el marco teórico concebido por Spiller, Stein y Tommasi (2003). Este marco se concentra en las condiciones que promueven la cooperación política entre las principales instituciones del ámbito político con el objeto de dar continuidad a los compromisos de políticas en el tiempo. Este estudio muestra que las instituciones políticas sobre las cuales se afincó la democracia en Venezuela en los años 60 fueron creadas deliberadamente para generar un equilibrio cooperativo con poca participación en el poder. Este marco institucional se caracterizó por presidentes constitucionalmente débiles y partidos políticos fuertes y centralizados. La cooperación indujo un proceso de diseño de políticas relativamente eficaz y con buenos resultados en la aplicación de las mismas. Sin embargo, un período de bonanza petrolera y sus secuelas, durante los años 70 y 80, deshizo el marco de cooperación e indujo un deterioro económico acelerado. Las reformas políticas aplicadas a finales de los años 80 para mejorar el proceso democrático, si bien en sí mismas deseables, debilitaron aún más el sistema de partidos e indujeron un proceso de diseño de políticas de muy escasa cooperación y además volátil. Las reformas políticas recientes, al aumentar la participación en el poder, han promovido una descomposición total de la cooperación y han creado un sistema político altamente polarizado.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Monaldi & Rosa Amelia González de Pacheco & Richard Obuchi & Michael Penfold, 2006. "Instituciones políticas, procesos de diseño de políticas y resultados de las políticas en Venezuela," Research Department Publications 3197, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:3197
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    References listed on IDEAS

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