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Ownership Structure, Control and Firm Performance: The Effects of Vote Differentiated Shares

Author

Listed:
  • Bjuggren, Per-Olof

    (Jönköping International Business School)

  • Eklund, Johan

    (Jönköping International Business School)

  • Wiberg, Daniel

    (Jönköping International Business School)

Abstract

This paper contributes to the literature on ownership, control and performance by exploring these relationships for Swedish listed companies (1997-2002). We find that firms, on average, are making inferior investment decisions and that the use of dual-class shares have a negative effect on performance. According to our results concentration of ownership has a negative impact on investment performance and firm value when control instruments that separate votes from capital share are used. Marginal q is used as a measure of economic performance. It was presented in an article by Mueller and Reardon in 1993 and has recently been used in empirical studies of ownership and performance by among others Gugler and Yurtoglu (2003). Frequently Tobin’s q is used in studies of this type, but Tobin’s q has a number of disadvantages which can be circumvented by employing a marginal q. This study adds to earlier studies by investigating how the separation of vote and capital shares’ creates a wedge between the incentives and the ability to pursue value maximization. The relationships between the performance measure and different ownership characteristics like ownership concentration and foreign ownership are also investigated.

Suggested Citation

  • Bjuggren, Per-Olof & Eklund, Johan & Wiberg, Daniel, 2005. "Ownership Structure, Control and Firm Performance: The Effects of Vote Differentiated Shares," Ratio Working Papers 71, The Ratio Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0071
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Klaus Gugler & Dennis C. Mueller & B. Burcin Yurtoglu, 2001. "Corporate Governance, Capital MarketDiscipline and the Returns on Investment," CIG Working Papers FS IV 01-25, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
    2. Marco Becht & Fabrizio Barca, 2001. "The control of corporate Europe," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/13302, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    3. Henry G. Manne, 1965. "Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 73(2), pages 110-110.
    4. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    5. Gugler, Klaus & Yurtoglu, Burcin B., 2003. "Average q, marginal q, and the relation between ownership and performance," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(3), pages 379-384, March.
    6. Henry G. Manne, 1965. "Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 73(4), pages 351-351.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Henrekson, Magnus & Jakobsson, Ulf, 2011. "The Swedish Corporate Control Model: Convergence, Persistence or Decline?," Working Paper Series 857, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    2. Eklund, Johan & Desai, Sameeksha, 2008. "Ownership, Economic Entrenchment and Allocation of Capital," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 123, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    3. Eklund, Johan E. & Palmberg, Johanna & Wiberg, Daniel, 2010. "Family Ownership and Returns on Investment – Founders, Heirs, and External Managers," Ratio Working Papers 148, The Ratio Institute.
    4. Palmberg, Johanna, 2012. "Family Control and Executive Compensation," Ratio Working Papers 186, The Ratio Institute.
    5. Bjuggren, Per-Olof & Eklund, Johan & Wiberg, Daniel, 2008. "Institutional Ownership and the Returns on Investment," Ratio Working Papers 128, The Ratio Institute.
    6. Eklund, Johan E, 2009. "One Share – One Vote: new evidence from the Nordic countries," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 168, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    7. Johan E. Eklund, 2009. "Corporate Governance and Investments in Scandinavia – Ownership Concentration and Dual-Class Equity Structure," Chapters, in: Per-Olof Bjuggren & Dennis C. Mueller (ed.), The Modern Firm, Corporate Governance and Investment, chapter 7, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    8. Markus Schmid, 2009. "Ownership structure and the separation of voting and cash flow rights-evidence from Switzerland," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(18), pages 1453-1476.
    9. Johan Eklund & Johanna Palmberg & Daniel Wiberg, 2013. "Inherited corporate control and returns on investment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 41(2), pages 419-431, August.
    10. Eklund, Johan & Palmberg, Johanna & Wiberg, Daniel, 2009. "Ownership Structure, Board Composition and Investment Performance," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 172, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    11. Fogel, Kathy S. & Lee, Kevin K. & Lee, Wayne Y. & Palmberg, Johanna, 2013. "Foreign Investors as Change Agents: The Swedish Firm Experience," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 311, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    12. Johan E. Eklund & Sameeksha Desai, 2014. "Ownership and Allocation of Capital: Evidence from 44 Countries," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 170(3), pages 427-452, September.
    13. Johan Erik Eklund & Thomas Poulsen, 2014. "One share--one vote: evidence from Europe," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(7), pages 453-464, April.
    14. Högberg, Andreas, 2009. "INVESTMENT FOR GROWTH – a comparative study of firm performance in Scandinavia and South East Asia," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 208, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    15. Per-Olof Bjuggren, 2016. "Marginal q revisited," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(1), pages 52-58, January.
    16. Palmberg, Johanna, 2010. "Corporate Governance in the Swedish Banking Sector," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 226, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    17. Hanna Almlöf & Per-Olof Bjuggren, 2019. "A regulation and transaction cost perspective on the design of corporate law," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 407-433, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    marginal q; ownership structure; firm performance; investments; dual-class shares;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • K22 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Business and Securities Law
    • L20 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - General

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