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The Kyoto agreement and Technology Spillovers

Author

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  • Golombek, Rolf

    (The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research)

  • Hoel, Michael

    (Dept. of Economics, University of Oslo)

Abstract

A significant reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions will require development of new technologies if such reductions are to be achieved without excessive costs. An important question is whether an agreement of the Kyoto type, which does not include elements related to research and development (R&D) of new technologies, will give sufficient incentives to develop such new technologies. On the one hand, since greenhouse gas emissions will become costly for countries and private producers, countries and individual producers will have incentives to undertake effort and costs to develop new technologies. On the other hand, R&D in one country is not only advantageous for this country, but usually also for other countries. The reason for this is that producers in these countries in many cases will learn from the R&D project, for example, through(informal) networks, journals, and in some cases through the import of goods from the country where the new technology is developed. The purpose of the paper is to discuss properties of an international climate agreement of the Kyoto type when R&D investments undertaken in one country are beneficial also for other countries. We examine whether a Kyoto type of agreement can provide the correct social amount of aggregate emissions and R&D investments in new technologies. We argue that the outcome of a Kyoto type agreement will differ from the social optimum. In particular, for a given level of abatement a Kyoto type agreement provides too little R&D investments relative to the social optimum.

Suggested Citation

  • Golombek, Rolf & Hoel, Michael, 2005. "The Kyoto agreement and Technology Spillovers," Memorandum 05/2005, Oslo University, Department of Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:hhs:osloec:2005_005
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barbara Buchner & Carlo Carraro, 2004. "Economic and environmental effectiveness of a technology-based climate protocol," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 229-248, September.
    2. Carlo Carraro & Carmen Marchiori, 2003. "Endogenous Strategic Issue Linkage in International Negotiations," Working Papers 2003.40, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    3. Carraro, Carlo & Buchner, Barbara, 2004. "Economic and Environmental Effectiveness of a Technology-based Protocol," CEPR Discussion Papers 4412, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Cohen, Wesley M & Levinthal, Daniel A, 1989. "Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R&D," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 99(397), pages 569-596, September.
    5. Spence, Michael, 1984. "Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(1), pages 101-121, January.
    6. Golombek Rolf & Hoel Michael, 2004. "Unilateral Emission Reductions and Cross-Country Technology Spillovers," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 4(2), pages 1-27, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Heal, Geoffrey & Tarui, Nori, 2010. "Investment and emission control under technology and pollution externalities," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Heal, Geoffrey & Tarui, Nori, 2008. "Technology Diffusion, Abatement Cost, and Transboundary Pollution," Climate Change Modelling and Policy Working Papers 46653, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climate policy; Kyoto; international environmental agreements; R&D; technology spillovers.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • P28 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Natural Resources; Environment
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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