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Vers une performance écologique des activités en mer : Quels apprentissages tirer des entreprises maritimes innovantes de la transition ?

Author

Listed:
  • Charlotte Bigard

    (AgroParisTech, MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier)

  • Charlotte Michel
  • Maya Leroy

    (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier, AgroParisTech)

Abstract

La transition écologique suppose une modification de notre mode de fonctionnement. Toutefois, cette modification peut aller d'une légère évolution à une réelle mutation. C'est ce gradient des activités que nous proposons d'analyser à travers ce projet. Dans un contexte où la maritimisation de l'économie doit s'articuler avec un développement plus durable des activités en mer, la notion de transition écologique est sous le feu des projecteurs. C'est pourquoi, dans cette étude, nous nous intéressons en particulier au jeunes TPE/PME, créées à partir de 2008 et donc après l'essor du concept de transition écologique, dont l'activité est liée à la mer, et qui se disent "de la transition". Ce projet est un projet court (1 an), dont les résultats sont issus de l'analyse de 25 entreprises à travers des entretiens qualitatifs et un workshop. Nous avons notamment pu montrer que : -La transition est un leitmotiv affiché par les entrepreneurs mais les définitions sous-jacentes varient. -Selon les critères de l'Allier et Audet (2020) : les entreprises peuvent être groupées en 3 grands types : les entreprises « du régime », se revendiquant de la transition mais dont le fonctionnement est basé sur la recherche de gain économique avant tout ; les entreprises « ambivalentes », proposant une réflexion en lien avec la transition, mais dont les caractéristiques traduisent une faible performance écologique et les entreprises « de la transition », engagées dans un modèle économique ou dans une production faisant rupture avec le régime notamment au regard des enjeux écologiques. -Il est possible de définir des trajectoires de la transition pour chacun des objectifs environnementaux recensés, à savoir, l'énergie, les déchets, la biodiversité. Ces trajectoires peuvent être plus ou moins performantes d'un point de vue écologique. -Un certain nombre de limites organisationnelles et d'opportunités ont enfin été recensées et discutées. Enfin, nous mettons en avant l'intérêt de réunir des informations sur les 4 volets suivants : 1) communication, 2) vision de l'entrepreneur, 3) productions/services proposés, 4) actions menées par l'entreprise, pour pouvoir prétendre à une évaluation de la participation de chaque entreprise à la transition écologique.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotte Bigard & Charlotte Michel & Maya Leroy, 2022. "Vers une performance écologique des activités en mer : Quels apprentissages tirer des entreprises maritimes innovantes de la transition ?," Working Papers hal-03632459, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03632459
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03632459v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    mer; performance écologique; transition écologique; transition; entreprise; maritime; innovation;
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