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Les Stratégies Régionales d’Innovation de « spécialisation intelligente » en Europe (Smart Specialization Strategies) : Dynamiques territoriales endogènes et institutions exogènes

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  • Philippe Lefebvre

    (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Alors que les dynamiques territoriales d'agglomération des activités et d'innovation sont : 1) souvent abordées comme des dynamiques spontanées, qui relèvent de différences de ressources entre territoires (nouvelle économie géographique) ou de dynamiques endogènes propres à un territoire et à son histoire (économie géographique institutionnelle, économie géographique évolutionniste, école des proximités) ; 2° parfois abordées comme des dynamiques résultant d'initiatives délibérées mais venant toujours du territoire lui-même et de ses acteurs (toujours dans une logique d'endo-genèse territoriale), - nous proposons ici d'examiner le cas où des cadres institutionnels exogènes au territoire tentent de s'imposer à lui, d'intensifier ou de ré-orienter les dynamiques territoriales à l'œuvre. Quoique peu étudié comme tel, ce cas de figure est déjà très répandu (politiques publiques de clusters, par exemple) et ne cesse de gagner en importance (notamment à travers les politiques publiques territoriales énoncées par des autorités supra-territoriales). L'article étudie le cas des stratégies régionales d'innovation en France, des stratégies dont les règles d'élaboration et de formulation sont imposées depuis 2000 par la Commission européenne à toutes les régions européennes qui veulent pouvoir bénéficier, au titre de l'innovation, des très importants financements du FEDER". Partant de ce cas, il s'efforce d'apporter des éléments de réponse à quatre des grandes questions qui se posent dans les rapports entre dynamiques territoriales endogènes et cadrages institutionnels exogènes au territoire : 1. Les cadrages institutionnels exogènes sont-ils porteurs de représentations, implicites ou explicites, des dynamiques territoriales actuelles ou des dynamiques territoriales visées et souhaitables à terme ? Sont-ils contraignants ou respectueux des dynamiques territoriales existantes ? 2. Comment les territoires, avec leurs dynamiques endogènes, intègrent-ils ces règles ou y réagissent ? Rétroagissent-ils sur la conception des règles qui tentent de s'imposer à eux de l'extérieur ? Parviennent-ils à infléchir ces règles dans le sens d'une plus grande prise en compte de leurs dynamiques propres ? 3. Comment ces cadrages institutionnels, exogènes aux territoires et conçus pour s'imposer à plusieurs territoires à la fois, sont-ils conçus par les autorités supra-territoriales agissantes ? 4. Enfin, quels impacts – qualitatifs (en terme d'orientations) ou quantitatifs (en terme d'importance relative) – ont ces cadrages institutionnels sur les dynamiques territoriales (y compris les dynamiques endogènes) ?

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Lefebvre, 2017. "Les Stratégies Régionales d’Innovation de « spécialisation intelligente » en Europe (Smart Specialization Strategies) : Dynamiques territoriales endogènes et institutions exogènes," Working Papers hal-01494814, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01494814
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    innovation; smart specialization strategies; Régions; Europe; H2020; institutions; policy process;
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