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De Sciences Po à l’ENA, la voie étroite vers les sommets de la fonction publique

Author

Listed:
  • Maxime Parodi

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Hélène Périvier

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Fabrice Larat

    (Institut national de la santé publique (INSP))

Abstract

Cet article analyse les processus de sélection au concours de l'ENA en s'appuyant sur les données issues de l'ENA et de celles issues de la préparation au concours administratifs de Sciences Po (PCA). Nous observons le parcours de 5 cohortes ayant passé le concours de l'ENA entre 2016 et 2020. La part des femmes se réduit à chacune des étapes : elles sont sous-représentées en année préparatoire relativement à leur représentation au sein de la population étudiante de Sciences Po ; parmi les préparationnaires, elles s'inscrivent moins au concours de l'ENA que les hommes et optent pour des concours moins sélectifs et, enfin, elles sont davantage éliminées à l'étape d'admissibilité, constituée d'épreuves écrites anonymes. En tenant compte du niveau atteint au terme de la PCA, on constate que les hommes ont des résultats similaires aux épreuves écrites quelle que soit leur origine sociale, alors que les femmes issues de milieux défavorisés réussissent moins bien ces épreuves que les autres catégories de femmes. Plusieurs explications peuvent être envisagées. Il est possible qu'elles dispersent leurs efforts en se préparant à d'autres concours, se focalisant moins sur celui de l'ENA. Elles peuvent aussi se sentir moins légitimes sur ce parcours d'excellence, ou encore manquer de rôles modèles. Cette étude montre ainsi que l'inégalité des chances dans l'accès à la très haute fonction publique doit être analysée en croisant les considérations sur le genre et celles sur l'origine sociale: s'il y a bien une lente féminisation de l'ENA, celle-ci s'effectue principalement par le haut de la pyramide sociale.

Suggested Citation

  • Maxime Parodi & Hélène Périvier & Fabrice Larat, 2022. "De Sciences Po à l’ENA, la voie étroite vers les sommets de la fonction publique," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03863149, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-03863149
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03863149
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