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Anatomie de la croissance molle : un commentaire

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Les déséquilibres qui ont affectés les économies occidentales dans les dernières décennies ont été interprétés comme le résultat d'un mauvais fonctionnement des marchés incapables d'adaptation face aux changements de l'environnement (changements de technologie, globalisation...), en raison, principalement, d'imperfections de l'information et de l'absence de règles d'incitation susceptibles de corriger ces imperfections. JP. Fitoussi, dans un précédent numéro de cette revue, a proposé une autre analyse de ce qui est arrivé et de ce qui continue d'arriver aux variables essentielles ainsi que de l'intervention requise de politique économique, en mettant l'accent sur le pouvoir de marché des « créanciers » et sur les effets qui en résultent sur l'accumulation du capital et la croissance. Cet article propose de considérer le modèle néoautrichien de croissance comme étant le cadre analytique approprié pour soutenir la thèse de JP. Fitoussi. En effet, un tel cadre permet d'établir les propositions suivantes. La viabilité du sentier suivi, plutôt que l'optimalité intertemporelle du flux de consommation, constitue le critère d'efficience pour une économie soumise à des changements structurels. L'évolution de cette économie (et sa viabilité) dépend, principalement, de la relation entre l'investissement et la consommation finale. Maintenir l'investissement en harmonie avec la consommation requiert de prendre garde à l'ordre de déroulement des événements. Ces propositions permettent d'expliquer pourquoi et comment l'économie a été piégée dans un état de croissance faible et de chômage. Elles mettent en lumière le fait que des réformes structurelles ont des effets déflationnistes et que le gain que l'on peut en attendre, s'il existe, apparaît seulement quand l'économie croît de nouveau. Il s'ensuit que la reprise doit être la priorité, ce qui requiert une politique monétaire expansionniste combinée à une politique budgétaire rigoureuse, ainsi que l'a suggéré JP. Fitoussi.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 1997. "Anatomie de la croissance molle : un commentaire," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03582917, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-03582917
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1997.1460
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03582917
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    Croissance; Politique économique;

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