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Quelle régulation du marché locatif privé ?

Author

Listed:
  • Sabine Le Bayon

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Pierre Madec

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Christine Rifflart

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Le marché locatif privé est, depuis maintenant plus d'une décennie, sujet à une crise profonde (hausse des loyers, paupérisation des locataires, mobilité résidentielle bloquée, ...). Dans ce contexte, les pouvoirs publics ont récemment mis en place deux mesures. L'une encadrant l'évolution des loyers dans les zones sous tensions, l'autre agissant sur l'offre par le biais d'un nouveau dispositif d'incitation fiscale l'investissement locatif. Après un état des lieux du marché locatif privé, nous nous proposons d'évaluer l'impact de ces mesures gouvernementales sur les loyers, les taux d'effort supportés par les locataires, les rendements perçus par les propriétaires, ou encore sur la construction. Il ressort de cette étude que l'encadrement, s'il est pérennisé, pourrait certes stopper l'inflation des loyers dans les zones ciblées et avoir un impact positif sur le taux d'effort des ménages les plus modestes, notamment si plusieurs obstacles sont surmontés (maintien de l'offre, transparence de l'information, ...). Concernant le dispositif Duflot, en s'appuyant sur des plafonds de ressources et de loyers trop élevés, il bénéficierait peu aux classes moyennes inférieures, alors même que son coût fiscal s'avère non négligeable. Bien que la régulation du marché locatif paraisse être, dans ces conditions, une équation insoluble compte tenu des attentes des parties prenantes (État, bailleurs privés et locataires), certaines solutions existent comme le développement de l'offre locative sociale ou encore de l'accession sociale à la propriété. Ces solutions, coûteuses mais pérennes, permettraient de détendre durablement un marché locatif privé saturé.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabine Le Bayon & Pierre Madec & Christine Rifflart, 2013. "Quelle régulation du marché locatif privé ?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01296683, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01296683
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.128.0243
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01296683v2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thierry Debrand & Claude Taffin, 2005. "Les facteurs structurels et conjoncturels de la mobilité résidentielle depuis 20 ans," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 381(1), pages 125-146.
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