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Supply Network Formation and Fragility

Author

Listed:
  • Matthew Elliott

    (CAM - University of Cambridge [UK])

  • Benjamin Golub

    (Northwestern University [Evanston])

  • Matthew V Leduc

    (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

Abstract

We model the production of complex goods in a large supply network. Each firm sources several essential inputs through relationships with other firms. Individual supply relationships are at risk of idiosyncratic failure, which threatens to disrupt production. To protect against this, firms multisource inputs and strategically invest to make relationships stronger, trading off the cost of investment against the benefits of increased robustness. A supply network is called fragile if aggregate output is very sensitive to small aggregate shocks. We show that supply networks of intermediate productivity are fragile in equilibrium, even though this is always inefficient. The endogenous configuration of supply networks provides a new channel for the powerful amplification of shocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthew Elliott & Benjamin Golub & Matthew V Leduc, 2022. "Supply Network Formation and Fragility," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-03758414, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-03758414
    DOI: 10.1257/aer.20210220
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    10. Liu, Yapan & Jin, Ming, 2023. "Does supply chain network centrality affect firm cost stickiness?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PB).
    11. Jiayi Chen & Chaozhu Hu & Youxi Luo, 2024. "Regional Differences and Spatial-Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Digital Economy Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-18, May.
    12. Antoine Mandel & Van-Quy Nguyen & Bach Dong-Xuan, 2024. "Strategic formation of production networks," Papers 2401.08929, arXiv.org.
    13. Andrea Titton, 2024. "Risk Propagation in Endogenous Supply Chains," Papers 2403.16632, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    14. Agostino Capponi & Chuan Du & Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2024. "Are Supply Networks Efficiently Resilient?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-031, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    15. Jan Weber, Jan Schulz, 2022. "Growing Differently: A Structural Classification for European NUTS-3 Regions," Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, University of Utah 2022_01, University of Utah, Department of Economics.
    16. Yuxue Chi & Zhongbo Jing & Zhidong Liu & Xinge Zhou, 2024. "Risk spillovers in Chinese production network: A supply-side shock perspective," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    17. Jie Peng & Boluo Liu & Jing Wu & Xiangang Xin, 2024. "Financial statement comparability and global supply chain relations," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 55(3), pages 342-360, April.
    18. Ersahin, Nuri & Giannetti, Mariassunta & Huang, Ruidi, 2024. "Supply chain risk: Changes in supplier composition and vertical integration," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    19. Cajal-Grossi, Julia & Del Prete, Davide & Macchiavello, Rocco, 2023. "Supply chain disruptions and sourcing strategies," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    20. Ernest Liu & Aleh Tsyvinski, 2021. "Dynamical Structure and Spectral Properties of Input-Output Networks," Working Papers 2021-13, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    21. Balbuzanov, Ivan & Kotowski, Maciej H., 0. "The property rights theory of production networks," Theoretical Economics, Econometric Society.
    22. Kuusi, Tero & Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki, 2023. "Shock Infections through Global Value Chains," ETLA Working Papers 109, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    23. Leduc, Mathieu V., 2024. "Simple relational contracts and the dynamics of social capital," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 27-53.
    24. Liu, Rui & Zheng, Linhao & Chen, Zheang & Cheng, Mengyao & Ren, Yuzhuo, 2024. "Digitalization through supply chains: Evidence from the customer concentration of Chinese listed companies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation

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