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Mesurer les préférences individuelles pour le présent

Author

Listed:
  • Luc Arrondel

    (PJSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • André Masson

    (PJSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Daniel Verger

    (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE))

Abstract

La théorie microéconomique fait dépendre les choix de l'épargnant sur le cycle de vie de son taux de dépréciation du futur, soit du taux d'actualisation subjectif à l'aide duquel il escompte ses satisfactions à venir. Plus ce taux est élevé et plus le niveau de l'épargne sera faible. Caractérisant l'horizon de vie de l'agent, cette préférence pour le présent doit être distinguée des paramètres qui gouvernent ses décisions sur d'autres échéances : son degré d'impatience à plus court terme, mais aussi son altruisme intergénérationnel. De même que le taux de dépréciation du futur permet de comparer un plaisir demain à un plaisir aujourd'hui, le degré d'altruisme indique le poids relatif accordé au bien-être de ses enfants - ou à celui des générations futures - par rapport au sien. Pour évaluer ces préférences individuelles, un questionnaire spécifique a été posé à un sous-échantillon de l'enquête Insee Patrimoine 1998. Afin d'éviter les difficultés rencontrées par les tentatives de mesure précédentes, il ne propose pas seulement les arbitrages habituels - entre des plaisirs supposés équivalents à différentes dates -, mais envisage aussi une batterie de questions plus simples et plus concrètes qui cherchent à mieux cerner ce que représente véritablement la préférence temporelle, en termes d'horizon décisionnel et de " projets de vie ". En balayant un grand nombre de domaines et de situations, on espère limiter les effets de contexte et mieux contrôler les autres facteurs intervenant dans les choix intertemporels : taux d'intérêt, attitude à l'égard du risque face à un futur forcément incertain, contraintes de liquidité, etc. Le taux de dépréciation du futur, l'impatience, et les degrés d'altruisme ' familial et non familial ' sont alors évalués par des scores, mesures ordinales qui synthétisent les réponses apportées par l'enquêté à l'ensemble des questions attribuées à chaque préférence.

Suggested Citation

  • Luc Arrondel & André Masson & Daniel Verger, 2005. "Mesurer les préférences individuelles pour le présent," Post-Print halshs-00754087, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00754087
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    2. de La Bruslerie, Hubert & Pratlong, Florent, 2012. "La valeur psychologique du temps : une synthèse de la littérature," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 88(3), pages 361-400, Septembre.
    3. Anna Kaliciak & Radoslaw Kurach & Walid Merouani, 2016. "Who is Eager to Save for Retirement – the Cross-Country Evidence," LWS Working papers 23, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.

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