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Construire et transmettre de la légitimité. Le cas de deux programmes d'accompagnement de l'économie sociale et solidaire

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  • Amandine Maus

    (AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon)

Abstract

Dans une société qui prône l'entrepreneuriat comme un choix de carrière envisageable et valorisé, les incubateurs, structures d'accompagnement entrepreneurial, constituent un enjeu politique et financier majeur pour les États. Ces organisations sont cependant critiquées, particulièrement en France, pour leur nombre trop important ou leur supposée faible efficacité. La question de la légitimité des incubateurs se pose alors, notamment pour déterminer lesquels sont les plus pertinents pour accompagner les entrepreneurs et pour percevoir des fonds publics et privés. Dans ce contexte, cette communication porte sur ce sujet de la légitimité dans le contexte de l'accompagnement entrepreneurial. Nous mobilisons les travaux qui portent sur les mécanismes de légitimation des organisations pour étudier les incubateurs et leurs processus de construction de légitimité. Pour appréhender ces processus, une étude de cas unique et longitudinale est en cours de réalisation depuis février 2021. Le cas étudié est un incubateur français spécialiste de l'accompagnement de projets entrepreneuriaux issus de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire. La construction de la légitimité de deux programmes d'accompagnement qui se sont succédé y est étudiée. Les données qui permettent d'étudier le premier programme ont été collectées a posteriori, quand les données focalisées sur le second programme sont collectées en temps réel. Les premiers résultats de cette recherche soulignent la présence de mécanismes de légitimation qui s'échelonnent dans le temps en fonction de leur nature, ainsi que des phases d'abandon du développement de la légitimité au profit d'un recentrage sur les acquis du programme. Les mécanismes de légitimation identitaires, associatifs et organisationnels évoqués par la littérature sont mobilisés par la structure d'accompagnement pour construire la légitimité de ses programmes. Notre contribution est alors de mettre en avant l'articulation et la temporalité de ces mécanismes, de même des phases d'absence de mobilisation de ces mécanismes, remplacés par le maintien ou la transmission de légitimité.

Suggested Citation

  • Amandine Maus, 2022. "Construire et transmettre de la légitimité. Le cas de deux programmes d'accompagnement de l'économie sociale et solidaire," Post-Print hal-03864847, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03864847
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03864847
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    References listed on IDEAS

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