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Stagnation séculaire et accumulation de capital

Author

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  • Gilles Le Garrec

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Vincent Touzé

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

La crise économique et financière de 2008 a provoqué une crise profonde caractérisée par une croissance potentielle affaiblie et une persistance de l'output gap. Dans cet article, nous proposons un modèle qui explique la crise et sa persistance par le passage d'un équilibre de plein emploi à un équilibre de sous- emploi. Dans ce dernier, le taux d'intérêt réel d'équilibre est négatif et l'économie est en déflation. La politique monétaire visant à contrôler l'inflation devient alors inactive en raison d'une contrainte de non négativité du taux directeur (zero lower bound). Cet équilibre de stagnation séculaire est obtenu en introduisant, dans le cadre d'un modèle à générations imbriquées, deux imperfections de marché: un rationnement du crédit et une rigidité nominale des salaires. Pour sortir de la trappe à stagnation séculaire, nous étudions l'impact de différentes politiques économiques. Un accroissement de la cible d'inflation (assouplissement de la politique monétaire) est efficace si la banque centrale est suffisamment crédible. De s politiques structurelles telles qu'un accroissement de la productivité ou une réduction des rigidités ont des effets déflationistes contreproductifs. Enfin une politique budgétaire redistributive, en soutenant la demande globale, peut aider l'économie à sortir de la stagnation séculaire. Toutefois une telle politique se fait aux prix d'un affaiblissement du potentiel de plein emploi en raison d'une moindre incitation à accumuler du capital

Suggested Citation

  • Gilles Le Garrec & Vincent Touzé, 2015. "Stagnation séculaire et accumulation de capital," Post-Print hal-03470081, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03470081
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.142.0307
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03470081
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