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Financement du supérieur : les étudiants ou le contribuable ?

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  • Guillaume Allegre

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Ne serait-il pas plus juste et plus efficace que les étudiants contribuent au financement de leurs études ? La mise en place de droits d'inscription dans le supérieur est souvent présentée comme une réforme évidente. Les arguments récurrents sont que l'État serait trop pauvre pour financer de manière satisfaisante l'enseignement supérieur ; le financement par l'impôt serait anti-redistributif car le contribuable moyen est moins aisé que le diplômé moyen de l'enseignement supérieur ; les droits d'inscription permettraient un meilleur appariement entre étudiants et filières d'études. Toutefois, pris séparément, aucun de ces arguments n'emporte l'adhésion : le financement public n'est pas nécessairement un pauvre financement ; l'impôt progressif sur le revenu répond mieux au souci d'équité verticale ; la sélection est un meilleur moyen d'appariement que les frais d'inscription en présence d'asymétrie d'information bilatérale et d'aversion au crédit. Au-delà des arguments d'équité verticale ou d'efficacité, la question du financement de l'enseignement supérieur reste avant tout une question de répartition entre ceux qui ont fréquenté l'enseignement supérieur et ceux qui ne l'ont pas fréquenté. C'est une question d'équité horizontale qui dépend de la conception adoptée de la justice distributive, du rôle de l'enseignement supérieur et de la justification de l'impôt progressif.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillaume Allegre, 2016. "Financement du supérieur : les étudiants ou le contribuable ?," Post-Print hal-03459421, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03459421
    DOI: 10.3917/redp.261.0033
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03459421
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    1. Nicholas Barr, 2004. "Higher Education Funding," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 20(2), pages 264-283, Summer.
    2. Barr, Nicholas, 2004. "Higher education funding," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 288, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
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