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L'épidémie de crises bancaires dans les pays de l'OCDE

Author

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  • Thomas Lambert

    (LIP - Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - Université de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Jacques Le Cacheux

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po, CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour)

  • Audrey Mahuet

Abstract

Au cours des quinze dernières années, les systèmes bancaires des grands pays industrialisés ont connu des évolutions contrastées. Si l'Allemagne a su demeurer à l'abri des difficultés, les Etats-Unis, la France, le Royaume-Uni, le Japon et les pays Scandinaves ont tous été affectés par des crises dont l'ampleur et les modalités ont cependantété trèsdiverses. Les pays Scandinaves ont dû fournir des montants tellement considérables pour venir à bout de la crise (jusqu'à 15 % du PIB en Finlande) qu'ils ont lourdement grevé les finances publiques. Aux Etats-Unis, les difficultés ont atteint une ampleur sans précédent depuis la dépression des années trente : environ 1500 banques commerciales et 1 200 caisses d'épargne ont fait faillite entre 1984 et 1995. Au Japon, on estime que les créances douteuses s'élèvent à 600 milliards de dollars pour l'ensemble des établissements de crédit. En France, la situation du Crédit Lyonnais, du Comptoir des Entrepreneurs et celle du Crédit Foncier sont bien connues. Le Royaume-Uni, enfin, a subi quelques faillites retentissantes dont celles de la BCCI et de la Barings. Comment rendre compte des difficultés croissantes que semble connaître /'intermediation bancaire traditionnelle, en même temps que de la diversité des situations nationales ? Trois éléments peuvent être mis en avant afin d'apporter une réponse à cette interrogation : la concentration des systèmes bancaires, l'ampjeui etja rapidité des changements réglementaires intervenus ces dernières années et la place de la banque dans l'organisation du système économique. Chacun de ces éléments intervient de façon différente dans chaque pays et est à l'origine d'un système bancaire unique dont les forces et les faiblesses s'articulent de façon différente. Se pose alors, notamment à l'échelle de l'Union européenne, le problème de l'organisation de la supervision des établissements bancaires et de la gestion des crises. La diversité des structures bancaires nationales et celle des futures instances européennes en charge de leur surveillance semblent telles qu'en l'absence d'une véritable autorité centrale, la stabilité de l'espace bancaire et financier européen n'apparaît pas véritablement assurée.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Lambert & Jacques Le Cacheux & Audrey Mahuet, 1997. "L'épidémie de crises bancaires dans les pays de l'OCDE," Post-Print hal-03458324, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03458324
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1997.1454
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03458324
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    Cited by:

    1. Thierry Chauveau & Jézabel Couppey, 1999. "Les banques françaises de réseaux n'ont pas de problèmes majeurs d'inefficacité productive : une application de la technique d'enveloppement des données (DEA)," Post-Print halshs-03674624, HAL.
    2. Thierry Chauveau & Jézabel Couppey, 1999. "Les banques françaises de réseaux n'ont pas de problèmes majeurs d'inefficacité productive : une application de la technique d'enveloppement des données (DEA)," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques bla99092, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    3. Thierry Chauveau & Jézabel Couppey, 1999. "Les banques françaises de réseaux n'ont pas de problèmes majeurs d'inefficacité productive : une application de la technique d'enveloppement des données (DEA)," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-03674624, HAL.

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