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Les communautés aux origines de la micro-informatique : des amateurs aux entreprises

Author

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  • Gilles Garel

    (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM])

Abstract

L'article propose une analyse comparée des communautés d'amateurs qui, au même moment aux Etats-Unis et en France, ont contribué aux premiers développements de la micro-informatique et en particulier à l'émergence de deux entreprises pionnières. Comment Micro-soft et SMT (Goupil) ont-elles été engendrées depuis l'écosystème des communautés ? La première partie propose des éléments de contexte qui ont conduit à l'émergence des micro-ordinateurs. Avec les premières machines, les communautés vont se développer autour de la programmation logicielle et de l'amélioration et de l'adaptation à des contextes d'usage différents. La seconde partie comparera deux communautés : les hobbyistes américains d'un côte et les amateurs français de l'autre. La troisième partie présentera la discussion de recherche autour du rôle des communautés agissant ex ante comme un écosystème underground, se structurant progressivement via un middleground se constituant notamment autour des clubs d'amateurs. Tandis que Microsoft naît d'un coup de force anti communautaire, l'émergence de SMT relève d'un processus d'institutionnalisation de la communauté. Mots clés Communautés, micro-informatique, innovation, underground, Microsoft, SMT Goupil. Nota : L'auteur remercie très amicalement Loïc Petitgirard et Sylvain Lenfle pour leurs remarques pertinentes et leurs ressources documentaires dès les premières versions de ce travail.

Suggested Citation

  • Gilles Garel, 2018. "Les communautés aux origines de la micro-informatique : des amateurs aux entreprises," Post-Print hal-02557212, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02557212
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://cnam.hal.science/hal-02557212
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    References listed on IDEAS

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