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L’Economie écologique au prisme de l’Economie des conventions

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  • Gaël Plumecocq

    (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville, AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse)

Abstract

En 1989, la Revue Economique publiait un numéro spécial consacré à l'Economie des conventions. La même année paraît le premier numéro de la revue Ecological Economics. Ces deux évènements sont évidemment indépendants. Economie des conventions et Economie écologique se construisent pourtant sur un constat identique : la science économique standard s'avère incapable de répondre aux défis sociaux posés dans le domaine économique. Pour les uns, elle s'avère « cohérente, à défaut d'être pertinente » (Favereau, 1989, p. 274), notamment en raison de son incapacité à penser les règles qui encadrent les multiples formes d'accord interindividuel ; pour les autres, « les paradigmes économiques actuels ont de sérieuses difficultés dans leur manière d'appréhender les ressources naturelles » (Costanza et Daly, 1987, p. 1-2, notre traduction). Cette contribution a pour ambition de mettre en évidence des points de convergence entre Economie écologique et Economie des conventions. J'examinerai plus particulièrement deux niveaux d'interaction conceptuelle pour lesquels l'Economie des conventions apporte des éclairages sur les problèmes écologiques, après avoir présenté le contexte intellectuel dans lequel se positionne le courant de l'Economie écologique. D'abord, à un niveau à la fois épistémologique et ontologique, la connaissance des systèmes socio-écologiques, par nature complexes, donne lieu à de multiples perspectives (y compris scientifiques) légitimes. Ensuite, le fonctionnement de ces systèmes complexes génère des incertitudes radicales qui rendent les décisions collectives problématiques. Dans ces deux cas, l'Economie des conventions fournit des pistes de travail intéressantes, en permettant (i) d'éclairer la formation d'équivalences dans les représentations comme base informationnelle de l'action collective, et (ii) de comprendre les manières dont les individus agissent (rationnellement) dans des univers dominés par des formes radicales d'incertitude. Ces deux pistes seront esquissées tour à tour dans les sections suivantes.

Suggested Citation

  • Gaël Plumecocq, 2016. "L’Economie écologique au prisme de l’Economie des conventions," Post-Print hal-01286914, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01286914
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01286914
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    Economie des conventions; Olivier Favereau; Economie écologique;
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