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Le système financier français face à ses missions d'intérêt général : le choix d'une internalisation par les établissements privés

Author

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  • Nathalie Rey

    (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

L'auteur analyse les missions d'intérêt général du système financier français en précisant notamment l'évolution du cadre juridique qui les définit. Elle réalise également un état des lieux du système financier public, depuis le programme de privatisation du secteur financier concurrentiel engagé après 1986. Elle montre que l'Etat a une forte légitimité à intervenir dans le système financier afin d'assurer le développement économique et social du pays et en garantir le financement, pour contribuer à l'ajustement optimal des comportements des agents économiques et la stabilité du système. Cette intervention s'exerce par des missions d'intérêt général telles que le droit au compte, la lutte contre l'exclusion bancaire, l'accès au crédit des petites et moyennes entreprises, le développement des activités de prêts à caractère d'intérêt collectif. L'intervention peut se faire directement par le biais des opérateurs publics et, indirectement par la législation, la régulation et le contrôle. En France, l'Etat contrôle et supervise indirectement le système financier au travers de deux établissements indépendants, l'ACPR et l'AMF, adossés à la Banque de France auxquels il a confié des missions de protection, de contrôle et de régulation. Le désengagement progressif de l'Etat français en tant qu'actionnaire a conduit à un très fort repli du secteur public qui est aujourd'hui constitué pour l'essentiel de trois établissements, la Banque Postale, la Banque Publique d'Investissement et la Caisse des Dépôts et Consignation. Les pouvoirs publics français ont ainsi fait le choix de faire reposer principalement pour ne pas dire essentiellement l'internalisation des missions publiques sur les établissements privés : le système financier français est désormais dominé par un secteur privé contrôlé et régulé par des autorités publiques indépendantes.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalie Rey, 2015. "Le système financier français face à ses missions d'intérêt général : le choix d'une internalisation par les établissements privés," Post-Print hal-01146742, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01146742
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01146742
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nathalie Rey, 2012. "États et Systèmes financiers européens : une relation biaisée," Post-Print halshs-00697323, HAL.
    2. Micco, Alejandro & Panizza, Ugo & Yanez, Monica, 2007. "Bank ownership and performance. Does politics matter?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 219-241, January.
    3. Andrianova, Svetlana, 2012. "Public banks and financial stability," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 116(1), pages 86-88.
    4. Brei, Michael & Schclarek, Alfredo, 2013. "Public bank lending in times of crisis," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 820-830.
    5. Iannotta, Giuliano & Nocera, Giacomo & Sironi, Andrea, 2007. "Ownership structure, risk and performance in the European banking industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 2127-2149, July.
    6. Duprey, T., 2012. "Bank Ownership and Credit Cycle: the lower sensitivity of public bank lending to the business cycle," Working papers 411, Banque de France.
    7. Thibaut Duprey, 2013. "Bank Ownership and Credit Cycle: the lower sensitivity of public bank lending to the business cycle," Working Papers halshs-00829474, HAL.
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