IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/journl/hal-01082243.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Intégration du marché européen de la Défense et politiques d’offsets : une analyse en termes de coûts de changement et d’externalités technologiques

Author

Listed:
  • Adel Ben Youssef

    (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur)

  • Gueorgui Ianakiev

    (ADIS - Analyse des Dynamiques Industrielles et Sociales - UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Département d'Economie)

Abstract

L'importance des politiques d'offsets dans le commerce international de produits de Défense n'a cessé de croître depuis les premières grandes transactions compensées des années 1970. Aujourd'hui les taux d'offset dépassent fréquemment les 100%, avec de rares transactions pouvant atteindre les 300%. A titre d'exemple, d'après le treizième rapport du Département du Commerce des Etats-Unis sur les Offsets dans le commerce de Défense, le taux moyen associé aux exportations américaines était de 72%, ce qui constitue le double de la valeur constatée en1993. En 2003 il avait atteint 125%, et pour certains pays européens tels que l'Autriche et la Pologne il était d'environ 170%. Loin d'être exceptionnels, ces taux constituent aujourd'hui la règle pour de nombreux pays. L'analyse de ce phénomène est d'une importance cruciale dans la perspective de la création d'un marché européen des produits de Défense. Le recours aux offsets peut être expliqué par l'existence simultanée de mesures nationales protectionnistes et de barrières naturelles, telles que des imperfections informationnelles et des coûts de changement de fournisseur, limitant l'établissement spontané de partenariats industriels transfrontaliers. En mobilisant les outils de l'économie industrielle et de l'analyse néo-institutionnelle, l'article a un double objectif : il s'agira d'une part, de décrire les politiques de compensation internationale selon l'approche néo-institutionnaliste et de comprendre leurs logiques contractuelles, d'autre part, de comprendre les conséquences relatives de la prise en compte de ce phénomène sur la dynamique d'intégration du marché européen des produits de Défense. En d'autres termes, en quoi les effets des barrières mentionnées peuvent se renforcer mutuellement et comment la simple suppression des barrières réglementaires pourrait s'avérer insuffisante.

Suggested Citation

  • Adel Ben Youssef & Gueorgui Ianakiev, 2009. "Intégration du marché européen de la Défense et politiques d’offsets : une analyse en termes de coûts de changement et d’externalités technologiques," Post-Print hal-01082243, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01082243
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01082243
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://hal.science/hal-01082243/document
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stiglitz, Joseph E., 1989. "Imperfect information in the product market," Handbook of Industrial Organization, in: R. Schmalensee & R. Willig (ed.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 13, pages 769-847, Elsevier.
    2. Keith Hartley, 1998. "Defence procurement in the UK," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1-2), pages 39-61.
    3. Wally Struys, 2004. "The future of the defence firm in small and medium countries," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(6), pages 551-564.
    4. Eric Gates, 2004. "The defence firm of the future," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(6), pages 509-517.
    5. David Kirkpatrick, 2004. "Trends in the costs of weapon systems and the consequences," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 259-273.
    6. Stefan Markowski, 1998. "Switzerland - The pragmatic approach to defence procurement," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1-2), pages 99-118.
    7. Paul Dowdall, 2004. "Chains, networks and shifting paradigms: the UK defence industry supply system," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(6), pages 535-550.
    8. David Versailles & Valerie Merindol, 2006. "Knowledge Transfers And R&D Management: An Inquiry Into The Problem Of Transatlantic Complementarities," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 239-256.
    9. Thierry Sauvin, 1995. "Modalités et fonctions des accords de compensation internationaux : le cas des relations Nord-Sud," Revue Tiers Monde, Programme National Persée, vol. 36(144), pages 897-912.
    10. Paul Klemperer, 1987. "Markets with Consumer Switching Costs," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 102(2), pages 375-394.
    11. Greaney, Theresa M., 2000. "Righting past wrongs: can import promotion policies counter hysteresis from past trade protection in the presence of switching costs?," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 211-227, September.
    12. repec:bla:econom:v:63:y:1996:i:249:p:153-61 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Paul Klemperer, 1987. "The Competitiveness of Markets with Switching Costs," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 18(1), pages 138-150, Spring.
    14. Klemperer, Paul D, 1987. "Entry Deterrence in Markets with Consumer Switching Costs," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 97(388a), pages 99-117, Supplemen.
    15. Monica Giulietti & Catherine Waddams Price & Michael Waterson, 2005. "Consumer Choice and Competition Policy: a Study of UK Energy Markets," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 115(506), pages 949-968, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Matthias Beestermöller & Levke Jessen-Thiesen & Alexander Sandkamp & Alexander-Nikolai Sandkamp, 2023. "Striking Evidence: The Impact of Railway Strikes on Competition from Intercity Bus Services in Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series 10483, CESifo.
    2. Stephen Littlechild, 2019. "Promoting competition and protecting customers? Regulation of the GB retail energy market 2008–2016," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 107-139, April.
    3. Langus, Gregor & Lipatov, Vilen, 2008. "On Quantity Competition With Switching Costs," MPRA Paper 15457, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. E. Avenel, 2008. "Strategic Vertical Integration Without Foreclosure," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(2), pages 247-262, June.
    5. Christiaan Behrens & Nathalie McCaughey, 2015. "Loyalty Programs and Consumer Behaviour: The Impact of FFPs on Consumer Surplus," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 15-048/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    6. Kemnitz Alexander, 2013. "A Simple Model of Health Insurance Competition," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 14(4), pages 432-448, December.
    7. Mark J. Tremblay, 2019. "Platform Competition and Endogenous Switching Costs," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 537-559, December.
    8. Federico Rossi & Pradeep K. Chintagunta, 2023. "Consumer Loyalty Programs and Retail Prices: Evidence from Gasoline Markets," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 42(4), pages 794-818, July.
    9. Mitja Kovač & Ann-Sophie Vandenberghe, 2015. "Regulation of Automatic Renewal Clauses: A Behavioural Law and Economics Approach," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 38(3), pages 287-313, September.
    10. Koray Cosguner & Tat Y. Chan & P. B. (Seethu) Seetharaman, 2018. "Dynamic Pricing in a Distribution Channel in the Presence of Switching Costs," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(3), pages 1212-1229, March.
    11. Javier D. Donna, 2021. "Measuring long‐run gasoline price elasticities in urban travel demand," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 52(4), pages 945-994, December.
    12. Wing Man Wynne Lam, 2017. "Switching Costs in Two-Sided Markets," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 65(1), pages 136-182, March.
    13. Donna, Javier D., 2018. "Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand," MPRA Paper 90059, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Javier D. Donna & Pedro Pereira, 2024. "Structural Presumptions for Non-horizontal Mergers in the 2023 Merger Guidelines: A Primer and a Path Forward," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 65(1), pages 303-345, August.
    15. Rizkiah, Siti K. & Disli, Mustafa & Salim, Kinan & Razak, Lutfi A., 2021. "Switching costs and bank competition: Evidence from dual banking economies," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    16. Ciotti, Fabrizio & Hornuf, Lars & Stenzhorn, Eliza, 2021. "Lock-In Effects in Online Labor Markets," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2021014, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    17. Miettinen, Topi & Stenbacka, Rune, 2015. "Personalized pricing versus history-based pricing: implications for privacy policy," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 56-68.
    18. Wu, Lingli & Deng, Shiming & Jiang, Xuan, 2018. "Sampling and pricing strategy under competition," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 192-208.
    19. Florez-Acosta, Jorge, 2021. "Do preferences for private labels respond to supermarket loyalty programs?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 183-208.
    20. Elder, Erick & To, Ted, 1999. "Consumer switching costs and private information," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 369-375, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01082243. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.