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Buying groups formation: what effects on competition in the retail industry?
[Les centrales d’achat : quels enjeux de concurrence ?]

Author

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  • Marie-Laure Allain

    (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques)

  • Rémi Avignon

    (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Claire Chambolle

    (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques, X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris)

  • Hugo Molina

    (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

Abstract

Les négociations commerciales mettent chaque année en lumière les tensions entre la grande distribution et ses fournisseurs, et les pouvoirs publics sont régulièrement appelés à intervenir pour équilibrer les relations. Dans ce contexte, les centrales d'achat, qui permettent à plusieurs distributeurs de négocier en commun avec leurs fournisseurs tout en restant en concurrence pour la vente aux consommateurs, sont susceptibles de renforcer la puissance d'achat des distributeurs. Deux vagues de formation de centrales d'achat ont eu lieu en France, en 2014 et 2018, et la loi a évolué pour permettre leur contrôle par l'Autorité de la concurrence. Cette note propose une grille d'analyse des effets des centrales d'achat sur l'ensemble du secteur. Après un bref bilan des forces économiques en jeu reposant sur une revue de la littérature, nous présentons les résultats de deux études réalisées par les auteurs de cette note. La première étudie empiriquement les effets des créations de centrales en 2014 en France dans le secteur des eaux embouteillées. Elle montre que les centrales ont modifié le partage des profits au détriment des fournisseurs, mais qu'elles ont également permis une baisse des prix bénéfique aux consommateurs. La seconde étude discute l'efficacité de l'exclusion des marques de distributeurs (MDD) du périmètre des centrales d'achat, qui est préconisée par les autorités de la concurrence pour protéger les petits fournisseurs et maintenir la diversité de l'offre.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie-Laure Allain & Rémi Avignon & Claire Chambolle & Hugo Molina, 2022. "Buying groups formation: what effects on competition in the retail industry? [Les centrales d’achat : quels enjeux de concurrence ?]," Institut des Politiques Publiques halshs-03693375, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:ipppap:halshs-03693375
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03693375
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    References listed on IDEAS

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